Újlaki family


The House of Ilok was a Croatian noble family, descended in the male line from Gug, a member of the lower nobility in the region of Lower Slavonia'' during the 13th century.
The Iločki, meaning "those of Ilok", rose to be a powerful and influential family in the Croato-Hungarian Kingdom during the period in the Late Middle Ages history marked by dynastic struggles for the possession of the throne and the Ottoman wars in Europe that affected the country. Notable members of the family were Bans of Croatia, Voivodes Transylvania, Palatines of Hungary, župans, king's chamberlains and king's chief retainers. One of them, Nikola Iločki, the most powerful and most famous member of the family, was nominal King of Bosnia from 1471 until 1477.

Family history

Rise of the family

Gug had three sons: Ivan /John/, Grgur /Gregory/ and Stjepan /Stephen/. Ivan was first mentioned in 1281 as royal commissioner who introduced and helped Petar Pakrački /Petar of Pakrac/, Ban of Slavonia, to enter into possession of an estate at river Ilova. His sons Lovro /Laurence/, Ugrin, Egidije, Jakov /James/ and Ivan II took part in King Charles' military formations during several wars. Lovro, called Slaven, achieved to be the king's flag-bearer since 1312, castellan of Šintava Castle, župan of Nitra, Varaždin, Sopron and Vas, and finally the royal chamberlain. His nickname, The Slav, confirms his Croatian origin. When he died in 1349, his three sons managed to consolidate and improve the rising power of the family.
Nikola I, called Kont, spent some time in Italy leading the army of king Louis I in his military campaigns and during his stay there earned this nickname. In the middle of 14th century Nikola-Kont became one of the leading magnates of the king and was given the new titles and properties. In the period between 1345 and 1351 he was royal cup-bearer, then Voivode of Transylvania and finally Palatine of Hungary. In the meantime he served as Župan of several counties in Croatia and Hungary. In 1363 he commanded the army of the king in his Bosnia campaign against Tvrtko Kotromanić, Ban of Bosnia, and was defeated. Later, in 1365, he fougt the Bulgarians.
When the Ilok branch of the Hungarian noble family Csák died out in 1364, king Louis I gave the Ilok fief to Nikola I and his nephew Ladislav /Ladislaus/, the son of Lenkus. So the Orahovički family transferred its seat to Ilok and soon after that they called themselves Iločki. Nikola's brothers Bartol and Lenkus served as royal cup-bearers and chief retainers. When Nikola I died in 1367, he was succeeded by two of his sons, Nikola II and Bartol II, who did not reach the power and glory of their father. Two sons of Bartol from the next generation of the family, Ladislav and Mirko /Emerik/ were Bans of Macsó. Mirko's daughter Marta married Nikola Frankopan, the mighty Prince of Krk, Senj and Modruš, and bore him eleven children.

Peak of the power and extinction

was succeeded by five of his sons: Ivan III, Stjepan III, Nikola V, Petar /Peter/ and Pavao /Paul/. The most significant and notable of them was Nikola V, Ban of Croatia, Slavonia, Macsó and Usora, Voivode of Transylvania and nominal King of Bosnia, who managed to reach the peak of family's power, wealth and influence. His seat was in the town of Ilok and during his reign Ilok experienced its "golden age".
Having lived in turbulent times, Nikola V adjusted himself to the current circumstances, sometimes changing sides and alliances radically. After supporting king Albert's widow Elizabeth of Luxembourg and her little son Ladislaus the Posthumous in 1439, Nikola V soon took the side of the new Croato-Hungarian king Vladislaus I Jagiello. When the king lost his life in the battle of Varna in 1444, Nikola became a member of State council. On the election of Matthias Corvinus in 1458, Nikola V, like many other noblemen in the kingdom, did not recognize him as king at once, but later, as soon as they peacefully settled the dispute between them.
In his two marriages Nikola V had eight children, among which four sons, but only one of them, Lawrence of Ilok, survived him and became his successor. Lovro III Iločki, Ban of Macsó, Herceg of Bosnia and royal judge, retained most of the power and reputation of the family. After the death of king Matthias Corvinus in 1490, he supported his illegitimate son John Corvinus to be the king, but he did not succeed. Later he allied himself with Maximilian I of Habsburg, the Holy Roman Emperor, who fought the newly elected king Vladislaus II Jagiello. However, he reconciled himself to Vladislav II in 1496 and performed several high state duties after that. Lovro had no successors, and when he died in 1524, the Iločki family became extinct.

Most notable members of the family