Eua is a hilly island, the highest peaks are the Teemoa 312 m, with the grave of the soldier on top, and the Vaiangina 305 m. The island is not volcanic, but was shaped by the rubbing of the Tonga plate against the Pacific plate, pushing Eua up and leaving the Tonga Trench on the bottom of the ocean, a short distance towards the east. The soil of Eua is volcanic, as is that of Tongatapu, but only the top layer, deposited by eruptions of nearby volcanoes ten thousands years ago. Under it are the solid rocks of pushed-up coral. Eua counts many huge caves and holes, not all of which have yet been explored. Eua is the only island in Tonga that has a river, and had the only bridge in the kingdom until Vavau also built one. The river drains into the harbour near the capital of the island, Ohonua. A unique feature is the shore between Ohonua and Tufuvai. It is coral reef still close to the sea level. Many small tidal pools are found, named the otumatafena. It is served by ʻEua Airport, which has an unsealed coral runway.
Myths
Together with Ata, Eua was the first island to be created by Tangaloa, see Tangaloa And The Story Of How ‘Eua Island Was Created.
History
Eua was put on the European maps by Abel Tasman who reached it and Tongatapu on 21 January 1643. He called it Middelburg Island, after the capital of the Dutch province of Zeeland. He did not go on land, but proceeded to the Hihifo district of Tongatapu, which he named Amsterdam Island after the capital of the Netherlands. 'Eua was considered by early Missionaries as heathen as it was the rendezvous for whalers, a place that you can trade goods for guns, knives, axes and gun powder. aka arsenal, or armory of Tonga, as well as its granary. Captain Cook visited the island in 1773 and 1777.
'Eua Niuafo'ou, in the south, with 2,257 inhabitants in nine villages
The nine villages of the southern district 'Eua Niuafo'ou were founded by people who had to leave their island of Niuafo'ou in 1946 due to a volcanic eruption; they are all named after villages of Niuafo'ou. The northern district in contrast is Old 'Eua. The southern village of Kolomaile's inhabitants however are descendants of the former inhabitants of the island of Ata, Tonga's southernmost island, evacuated after the island was targetted by slavers. south-west of the southern tip of 'Eua is the 35-acre island Kalau.
Demography
The villages of the original inhabitants of Eua are all in the north Houma, Taanga, Ohonua, Pangai, Tufuvai. Haatua and Kolomaile are from the original inhabitants from Ata, who were resettled there in 1863. The villages just north of that up to Angahā, are from the inhabitants of Niuafoou who were resettled there in 1946.
