10th United States Congress
The 10th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1807, to March 4, 1809, during the seventh and eighth years of Thomas Jefferson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Second Census of the United States in 1800. Both chambers had an overwhelming Democratic-Republican majority.
Major events
- May 22, 1807: Former Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr was indicted for treason. He was acquitted September 1, 1807
- June 1807: Chesapeake-Leopard Affair: The British warship captured and boarded the.
- August 17, 1807: The Clermont, Robert Fulton's first American steamboat, left New York City for Albany, New York, on the Hudson River, inaugurating the first commercial steamboat service in the world.
- January 1, 1808: The importation of slaves into the United States was banned
Major legislation
- December 22, 1807: Embargo Act of 1807, ch. 5,
- March 1, 1809: Non-Intercourse Act, ch. 24,
Territories organized
- February 3, 1809: Illinois Territory was organized from a portion of Indiana Territory,
Party summary
Senate
House of Representatives
Leadership
Senate
- President: George Clinton
- President pro tempore: Samuel Smith, elected April 16, 1808
- * Stephen R. Bradley, elected December 28, 1808
- * John Milledge, elected January 30, 1809
House of Representatives
- Speaker: Joseph Bradley Varnum
Members
Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election.[List of [United States Senators from Connecticut|Connecticut]]
- 1. James Hillhouse
- 3. Uriah Tracy, died July 19, 1807
- * Chauncey Goodrich, from October 25, 1807
Delaware">List of United States Senators from Delaware">Delaware
- 1. Samuel White
- 2. James A. Bayard
Georgia">List of United States Senators from Georgia">Georgia
- 2. Abraham Baldwin, until March 4, 1807
- * George Jones, August 27, 1807 – November 7, 1807
- * William H. Crawford, from November 7, 1807
- 3. John Milledge
Kentucky">List of United States Senators from Kentucky">Kentucky
- 2. Buckner Thruston
- 3. John Pope
Maryland">List of United States Senators from Maryland">Maryland
- 1. Samuel Smith
- 3. Philip Reed
Massachusetts">List of United States Senators from Massachusetts">Massachusetts
- 2. Timothy Pickering
- 1. John Quincy Adams, until June 8, 1808
- * James Lloyd, from June 9, 1808
New Hampshire">List of United States Senators from New Hampshire">New Hampshire
- 2. Nicholas Gilman
- 3. Nahum Parker
New Jersey">List of United States Senators from New Jersey">New Jersey
- 1. John Condit
- 2. Aaron Kitchell
New York">List of United States Senators from New York">New York
- 3. John Smith
- 1. Samuel L. Mitchill
North Carolina">List of United States Senators from North Carolina">North Carolina
- 2. James Turner
- 3. Jesse Franklin
Ohio">List of United States Senators from Ohio">Ohio
- 1. John Smith, until April 25, 1808
- * Return J. Meigs, Jr., from December 12, 1808
- 3. Edward Tiffin
Pennsylvania">List of United States Senators from Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania
- 1. Samuel Maclay, until January 4, 1809
- * Michael Leib, from January 9, 1809
- 3. Andrew Gregg
Rhode Island">List of United States Senators from Rhode Island">Rhode Island
- 1. Benjamin Howland
- 2. James Fenner, until September 1807
- * Elisha Mathewson, from October 26, 1807
South Carolina">List of United States Senators from South Carolina">South Carolina
- 2. Thomas Sumter
- 3. John Gaillard
Tennessee">List of United States Senators from Tennessee">Tennessee
- 1. Joseph Anderson
- 2. Daniel Smith
Vermont">List of United States Senators from Vermont">Vermont
- 3. Stephen R. Bradley
- 1. Israel Smith, until October 1, 1807
- * Jonathan Robinson, from October 10, 1807
Virginia">List of United States Senators from Virginia">Virginia
- 2. William B. Giles
- 1. Andrew Moore
House of Representatives
[List of [United States Representatives from Connecticut|Connecticut]]
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.- . Epaphroditus Champion
- . Samuel W. Dana
- . John Davenport
- . Jonathan O. Moseley
- . Timothy Pitkin
- . Lewis B. Sturges
- . Benjamin Tallmadge
Delaware">List of United States Representatives from Delaware">Delaware
- . Nicholas Van Dyke, from October 6, 1807
Georgia">List of United States Representatives from Georgia">Georgia
- . William W. Bibb
- . Howell Cobb
- . Dennis Smelt
- . George M. Troup
Kentucky">List of United States Representatives from Kentucky">Kentucky
- . Matthew Lyon
- . John Boyle
- . John Rowan
- . Richard M. Johnson
- . Benjamin Howard
- . Joseph Desha
Maryland">List of United States Representatives from Maryland">Maryland
- . John Campbell
- . Archibald Van Horne
- . Philip B. Key
- . Roger Nelson
- . William McCreery
- . Nicholas R. Moore
- . John Montgomery
- . Edward Lloyd
- . Charles Goldsborough
Massachusetts">List of United States Representatives from Massachusetts">Massachusetts
- . Josiah Quincy
- . Jacob Crowninshield, until April 15, 1808
- * Joseph Story, from May 23, 1808
- . Edward St. Loe Livermore
- . Joseph Bradley Varnum
- . William Ely
- . Samuel Taggart
- . Joseph Barker
- . Isaiah L. Green
- . Josiah Dean
- . Jabez Upham
- . William Stedman
- . Barnabas Bidwell, until July 13, 1807
- * Ezekiel Bacon, from September 16, 1807
- . Ebenezer Seaver
- . Richard Cutts
- . Daniel Ilsley
- . Orchard Cook
- . John Chandler
New Hampshire">List of United States Representatives from New Hampshire">New Hampshire
- . Peter Carleton
- . Daniel M. Durell
- . Francis Gardner
- . Jedediah K. Smith
- . Clement Storer
New Jersey">List of United States Representatives from New Jersey">New Jersey
- . Ezra Darby, until January 27, 1808
- * Adam Boyd, from March 8, 1808
- . William Helms
- . John Lambert
- . Thomas Newbold
- . James Sloan
- . Henry Southard
New York">List of United States Representatives from New York">New York
- . Samuel Riker
- . and. Joint district with two seats: Gurdon S. Mumford
- . and. Joint district with two seats: George Clinton, Jr.
- . Philip Van Cortlandt
- . John Blake, Jr.
- . Daniel C. Verplanck
- . Barent Gardenier
- . James I. Van Alen
- . Killian K. Van Rensselaer
- . Josiah Masters
- . John Thompson
- . David Thomas, until February 17, 1808
- * Nathan Wilson, from November 7, 1808
- . Peter Swart
- . John Russell
- . William Kirkpatrick
- . Reuben Humphrey
- . John Harris
North Carolina">List of United States Representatives from North Carolina">North Carolina
- . Lemuel Sawyer
- . Willis Alston
- . Thomas Blount
- . William Blackledge
- . Thomas Kenan
- . Nathaniel Macon
- . John Culpepper, until January 2, 1808, and then from February 23, 1808
- . Richard Stanford
- . Marmaduke Williams
- . Evan S. Alexander
- . James Holland
- . Meshack Franklin
Ohio">List of United States Representatives from Ohio">Ohio
- . Jeremiah Morrow
Pennsylvania">List of United States Representatives from Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania
- . Joseph Clay, until March 28, 1808
- * Benjamin Say, from November 16, 1808
- . John Porter
- . Jacob Richards
- . Robert Brown
- . William Milnor
- . John Pugh
- . John Hiester
- . Robert Jenkins
- . Matthias Richards
- . David Bard
- . Robert Whitehill
- . Daniel Montgomery, Jr.
- . James Kelly
- . John Rea
- . William Findley
- . John Smilie
- . William Hoge
- . Samuel Smith
Rhode Island">List of United States Representatives from Rhode Island">Rhode Island
- . Nehemiah Knight, until June 13, 1808
- * Richard Jackson, Jr., from November 11, 1808
- . Isaac Wilbour
South Carolina">List of United States Representatives from South Carolina">South Carolina
- . Robert Marion
- . William Butler, Sr.
- . David R. Williams
- . John Taylor
- . Richard Winn
- . Joseph Calhoun, from June 2, 1807
- . Thomas Moore
- . Lemuel J. Alston
Tennessee">List of United States Representatives from Tennessee">Tennessee
- . John Rhea
- . George W. Campbell
- . Jesse Wharton
Vermont">List of United States Representatives from Vermont">Vermont
- . James Witherell, until May 1, 1808
- * Samuel Shaw, from September 6, 1808
- . James Elliott
- . James Fisk
- . Martin Chittenden
Virginia">List of United States Representatives from Virginia">Virginia
- . John G. Jackson
- . John Morrow
- . John Smith
- . David Holmes
- . Alexander Wilson
- . Abram Trigg
- . Joseph Lewis, Jr.
- . Walter Jones
- . John Love
- . John Dawson
- . James M. Garnett
- . Burwell Bassett
- . William A. Burwell
- . Matthew Clay
- . John Randolph
- . John W. Eppes
- . John Claiborne, until October 9, 1808
- * Thomas Gholson, Jr., from November 7, 1808
- . Peterson Goodwyn
- . Edwin Gray
- . Thomas Newton, Jr.
- . Wilson C. Nicholas
- . John Clopton
Non-voting members
- . Benjamin Parke, until March 1, 1808
- * Jesse B. Thomas, from October 22, 1808
- . George Poindexter
- . Daniel Clark
Changes in membership
Senate
There were 5 resignations, 2 deaths, and 1 interim appointment. Neither party had a net change.House of Representatives
Of the voting members, there were 4 resignations, 4 deaths, and 2 vacancies from the beginning of this Congress. Democratic-Republicans had no net change and Federalists picked up 2 seats.Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders.Senate
- Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate
- Engrossed Bills
- Whole
House of Representatives
- Accounts
- Affairs with Algiers
- Claims
- Commerce and Manufactures
- Conduct of Peter J. Bruin
- District of Columbia
- Elections
- Post Office and Post Roads
- Public Lands
- Revisal and Unfinished Business
- Rules
- Standards of Official Conduct
- Ways and Means
- Whole
Joint committees
- Enrolled Bills
- The Library
Employees
[List of [federal agencies in the United States#Legislative branch|Legislative branch agency]] directors
- Architect of the Capitol: Benjamin Latrobe
- Librarian of Congress: Patrick Magruder
Senate
- Chaplain: John J. Sayrs, until November 10, 1807
- * Alexander T. McCormick, elected November 10, 1807
- * Robert Elliott, elected November 10, 1808
- Secretary: Samuel A. Otis
- Sergeant at Arms: James Mathers
House of Representatives
- Chaplain: Robert Elliott Presbyterian, until October 30, 1807
- * Obadiah B. Brown, Baptist, from October 30, 1807
- Clerk: John J. Beckley, until April 8, 1807
- * Patrick Magruder, from April 8, 1807
- Doorkeeper: Thomas Claxton
- Reading Clerks:
- Sergeant at Arms: Joseph Wheaton, until October 27, 1807
- * Thomas Dunn, from October 27, 1807