1190s in England

Incumbents

Events

• 1190
• * 6 February – massacre of almost all Jews in Norwich.
• * 7 March – massacre of Jews at Stamford Fair.
• * 16 March – a mob besieges 150 Jews in York Castle, killing those who do not commit suicide.
• * 18 March – massacre of 57 Jews at Bury St. Edmunds.
• * 4 July – Kings Richard I of England and Philip II of France set out from France to join the Third Crusade.
• * Summer – William Longchamp arrests his co-regent Hugh de Puiset and rules alone as Lord Chancellor, Justiciar, and papal legate.
• * First known foreign scholar commences study at what will become the University of Oxford, Emo of Friesland.
• 1191
• * 12 May – Richard I marries Berengaria of Navarre on Cyprus; she will never visit England during his lifetime.
• * 12 July – Third Crusade: Siege of Acre ends with a crusader victory led by Philip II and Richard I.
• * 7 September – Third Crusade: Richard defeats Saladin at the Battle of Arsuf.
• * October – Prince John of England deposes William Longchamp.
• * 27 November – Reginald fitz Jocelin elected Archbishop of Canterbury but dies before being consecrated.
• * Monks at Glastonbury Abbey claim to have found the tomb of King Arthur and Queen Guinevere.
• 1192
• * 5 August – Third Crusade: Richard defeats Saladin at the Battle of Jaffa.
• * 2 September – Treaty of Jaffa between Richard and Saladin allows Christian pilgrims to visit Jerusalem and ends the Third Crusade. Richard leaves the Holy Land in October.
• * 11 December – returning from the Crusade, Richard is taken prisoner by Leopold V, Duke of Austria, and secured at Dürnstein.
• * Prince John recognised as heir to the throne, and takes control of the royal castles at Windsor and Wallingford.
• * Rebuilding of Lincoln Cathedral begins.
• * Richard of Devizes composes Chronicon de rebus gestis Ricardi Primi.
• 1193
• * 14 February – Richard I is handed to custody of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, and moved to Speyer.
• * 29 May – Hubert Walter enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury.
• 1194
• * 4 February – Richard I ransomed from captivity.
• * c. 10 February – Henry Marshal is nominated Bishop of Exeter.
• * 12 March–28 March – Richard returns to England and besieges Nottingham Castle to reclaim it from his brother John.
• * 17 April – second coronation of Richard I at Winchester.
• * 2 May – Portsmouth granted a Royal Charter; dock ordered to be built here.
• * 12 May – after settling affairs in England, Richard I leaves for Barfleur in Normandy to reclaim lands lost to Philip II of France.
• * 3 July – Battle of Fréteval: Richard I reconquers his French fiefdoms from Philip II.
• * Hubert Walter appointed as Justiciar.
• * September: Articles of Eyre proclaimed
• * Hubert Walter establishes the office of coroner.
• * Ordinance of the Jewry: for taxation purposes, records are to be kept of financial transactions. England elected to be served financially by Jews, hence the eponym.
• 1195
• * Treaty of Louviers suspends war between England and France; France takes control of Norman Vexin.
• * Bushmead Priory founded.
• * New stone Lydford Castle built in the Forest of Dartmoor.
• 1196
• * Spring – in London, a popular uprising of the poor against the rich is led by William Fitz Osbern.
• * Assize of Measures establishes the ell as the standard English measure, and regulates the production of cloth.
• 1197
• * A statute establishes standard weights and measures.
• 1198
• * June – England resumes its war against France, re-occupying Norman Vexin.
• * June 23 – fire at Bury St Edmunds Abbey.
• * September – Battle of Gisors: English victory over the French.
• 1199
• * 13 January – short-lived truce between England and France.
• * 6 April – King Richard I dies of a wound received at the siege of the castle of Châlus in France.
• * 27 May – coronation of King John of England, Richard's brother.
• * Hubert Walter appointed as Lord Chancellor.
• * King Philip II of France renews his war against England, supporting the rival claim to the English throne of Arthur of Brittany.
• * St John's Jerusalem at Sutton-at-Hone, Kent, established as a Commandry of the Knights Hospitaller.
• * St Laurence's Church, Ludlow, is rebuilt.

  Births

• 1193
• *William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby
• 1195
• *Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester
• 1197
• *Richard of Chichester, bishop, canonised

  Deaths

• 1190
• * 19 November – Baldwin of Exeter, Archbishop of Canterbury
• * Ranulf de Glanvill, chief justiciar
• * Robert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Leicester
• 1191
• * 26 December – Reginald fitz Jocelin Archbishop-elect of Canterbury
• 1194
• *Abbas Benedictus, abbot of Peterborough
• 1195
• *Hugh de Puiset, bishop of Durham
• 1196
• *William Fitz Osbern, London citizen
• 1197
• *William Longchamp, Lord Chancellor
• 1198
• *William of Newburgh, historian
• 1199
• * 6 April – Richard I of England
• * 4 September – Joan of England, Queen of Sicily, wife of William II of Sicily
• uncertain
• * William Fitzstephen, servant of Thomas Becket and sheriff of Gloucester