1191

By place

Asia

• July 12 - Saladin's garrison surrenders, ending the two-year siege of Acre. Conrad of Montferrat, who has negotiated the surrender, raises the banners of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, and of the Third Crusade leaders, on the city's walls and towers. Richard stays to push on to Jerusalem, but Philip returns to France, to take possession of a part of Flanders, whose count had died at the siege of Acre. Back in France, Philip also schemes with Richard's brother, John of England, to dispossess Richard of his French lands while he is still away, but the intervention of John's mother, Eleanor of Aquitaine, foils the plan.
• September 7 - Battle of Arsuf in Palestine: Richard I of England defeats Saladin, during the Third Crusade.
• Khmer King Jayavarman VII sacks the capital of Champa.
• The administration of the Taungoo region in modern-day Myanmar is first recorded, when Pagan King Narapatisithu appoints a son-in-law, Ananda Thuriya, to be governor of Kanba Myint.

  Europe

• April 17 - Tusculum is destroyed by the army of the Commune of Rome.
• May 12 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre.
• Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, is crowned by Pope Celestine III.
• Duke Berthold V of Zähringen founds the city of Bern.
• After having failed in their endeavor the year before, the Almohads reconquer the city of Silves in Portugal. In the same campaign, the Almohads take also Alcácer do Sal, while Palmela and Almada are sacked.
• In August, Sicilians defeat an invasion of Emperor Henry VI lasted from May; Empress Constance is captured and later imprisoned at Castel dell'Ovo at Naples.
• Danes make a crusade to Finland.

  By topic

Technology

• The first reference to a windmill in Europe is made by a Dean Herbert of East Anglia, whose mills are supposedly in competition with the abbey of Bury St. Edmunds.

  Religion

• April 14 - Pope Celestine III succeeds Pope Clement III, as the 175th pope.
• November 27 - Reginald Fitz Jocelin is elected Archbishop of Canterbury.
• Eisai founds the Rinzai Zen sect in Japan.
• The monks of Glastonbury Abbey dig up the remains of a large knight and a blonde woman, and announce they have discovered the tomb of King Arthur and Queen Guinevere.