1232

By area

Africa

• The Almohad army besieges Ceuta, where Abu Musa, the rebellious brother of the caliph, has received shelter and the support of the population. The Genoese rent a part of their fleet to the rebels, who successfully resist the forces of the caliph. The consequences of this revolt are threefold: the city becomes de facto independent from the Almohads, but its reliance on the Italian maritime powers increases, and the trans-Saharan trade routes begin to shift eastward, due to the local turmoil.

  Asia

• The first edition of Tripitaka Koreana is destroyed by Mongol invaders.
• April 8 - The Jin Dynasty in China defends their capital against the Mongol siege of Kaifeng, during the Mongol–Jin War. The battle involves the use of rockets.

  Europe

• June 15 - Battle of Agridi: Henry I of Cyprus defeats the armies of Frederick II.
• July 16 - Muhammad Ibn Yusuf Ibn Nasr is elected ruler of Arjona, Spain, by the local mosque. He rebels against the independent ruler of al-Andalus, Ibn Hud al-Yadami, and takes control of the city. This is the foundation of the Nasrid Dynasty.
• Italy: Pope Gregory IX, driven from Rome by a revolt, takes refuge at Anagni.
• Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II promulgates the Statutum in favorem principum.

  By topic

Markets

• The northern French city of Troyes issues its first recorded life annuities, confirming the trend of consolidation of local public debts initiated in 1218, by the neighboring city of Reims.

  Religion

• May 30 - Anthony of Padua is canonized by Pope Gregory IX at Spoleto, less than a year after his death; he becomes the patron saint of lost items.

  Births

• Arnolfo di Cambio, Florentine architect
• Manfred of Sicily
• Elisabeth of Wrocław, duchess consort of Greater Poland
• Bernard Saisset, Occitan bishop of Pamiers
• Ramon Llull, Majorcan missionary

  Deaths

• July 18 - John de Braose, Marcher Lord of Bramber and Gower
• Michael Scot, Scottish mathematician and astrologer
• Azalaïs of Montferrat, marchioness regent of Saluzzo
• Tolui, son of Genghis Khan