15th century in literature 15th century .See also: 15th century in poetry , 14th century in literature , 16th century in literature , list of years in literature .Events 1403 – A guild of stationers is founded in the City of London . As the Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers , it continues to be a Livery Company in the 21st century. 1403–08 – The Yongle Encyclopedia is written in China . c. 1408–11 – An Leabhar Breac is probably compiled by Murchadh Ó Cuindlis at Duniry in Ireland. c. 1410 – John, Duke of Berry , commissions the Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry , illustrated by the Limbourg brothers between c. 1412 and 1416. 1424 – The first French royal library is transferred by the English regent of France, John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford , to England . 1425 – At about this date the first Guildhall Library is established in the City of London under the will of Richard Whittington . 1434 – Japanese Noh actor and playwright Zeami Motokiyo is exiled to Sado Island by the Shōgun. 1438: 28 April – Completion of Margery Kempe's The Book of Margery Kempe , the first known English autobiography , begins at Bishop's Lynn in England; it will not be published in full until 1940. 1443 – King Sejong the Great establishes Hangul as the native alphabet of the Korean language . It is first described in the Hunminjeongeum published on 9 October 1446 1444: 15 June – Cosimo de' Medici founds the Laurentian Library in Florence . 1448 – Pope Nicholas V founds the Vatican Library in Rome . 1450 – Johannes Gutenberg has set up his movable type printing press as a commercial operation in Mainz by this date and a German poem has been printed. 1451 *1 August – A manuscript of Dante's Divine Comedy is sold in London. *Sir Thomas Malory of Newbold Revel in Warwickshire , England, presumed author of the chivalric tales of Le Morte d'Arthur , is imprisoned for most of the following decade on multiple charges including violent robbery and rape . 1452 – Completion of the Malatestiana Library in Cesena , the first European public library, in the sense of belonging to the commune and open to all citizens. 1453 – Pageant of Coriolan staged in the piazza of Milan Cathedral . 1455 *23 February – Johannes Gutenberg completes printing of the Gutenberg Bible in Mainz, the first major book printed with movable type in the West, using a textualis blackletter typeface . *5 June – French poet François Villon is implicated in a murder. 1457 *14 August – The Mainz Psalter , the second major book printed with movable type in the West, the first to be wholly finished mechanically and the first to carry a printed date, is printed by Johann Fust and Peter Schoeffer for the Elector of Mainz . *The Central Library of Astan Quds Razavi in Persia is known to be in existence. 1460 – From about this date, Matthias Corvinus , King of Hungary , begins to form the Bibliotheca Corviniana , Europe's largest secular library. 1461 – Albrecht Pfister is pioneering movable type book printing in the German language and the addition of woodcut illustrations in Bamberg , producing a collection of Ulrich Boner's fables, Der Edelstein , the first book printed with illustrations. Soon after this he prints the first known Biblia pauperum . 1462: 10 September – Robert Henryson enrols as a teacher in the recently founded University of Glasgow in Scotland . 1462: 8 November – First known sentence written in the Albanian language , a Formula e pagëzimit by Archbishop Pal Engjëlli . 1463: 5 January – François Villon is reprieved from hanging in Paris but never heard of again. Der Edelstein printed by Albrecht Pfister at Bamberg in 14611468 *31 May – The Byzantine scholar Cardinal Basilios Bessarion donates his library to the Republic of Venice , the foundation of the Biblioteca Marciana . *The printers Johann and Wendelin of Speyer settle in Venice ; their first book published here, Cicero's Epistolae ad familiares , appears in 1469. 1470 *Johann Heynlin prints the first book in Paris, the Epistolae Gasparini of Gasparinus de Bergamo , a guide to writing Latin prose. *Nicolas Jenson's edition of Eusebius , published in Venice, is the first book to use a roman type based on the principles of typography rather than manuscript. *Sermo ad populo predicabilis , a sermon printed in Cologne, is the first book to incorporate printed page numbers. 1473 *First book printed in Hungary , Chronica Hungarorum , the "Buda Chronicle". *First known printing in Poland , Almanach cracoviense ad annum 1474 , a wall calendar . 1474 *First book printed in Spain , Valencia . *Approximate date – Georgius Purbachius 's Theoricae nouae planetarum is published in Nuremberg , an early example of the application of color printing to an academic text. 1475 *February – Pope Sixtus IV appoints the humanist Bartolomeo Platina as Prefect of the newly-re-established Vatican Library in Rome after Platina has presented him with the manuscript of his Lives of the Popes . *Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye is the first book to be printed in English, by William Caxton in Bruges . *Rashi's commentary on the Torah is the first dated book to be printed in Hebrew , in Reggio di Calabria . 1476 *30 January – Constantine Lascaris's Erotemata is the first book to be printed entirely in Greek. *William Caxton sets up the first printing press in England, at Westminster . *First performance of one of Terence's plays since antiquity, Andria in Florence. 1477: 18 November – Caxton prints Earl Rivers' translation of Dictes or Sayengis of the Philosophres , the first book printed in England on a printing press. 1478 – In England *William Caxton publishes the first printed copy of the .*The Ranworth Antiphoner is presented to St Helen's Church , Ranworth . *17 December – First book printed in Oxford . 1479 *The St Albans Press , the third printing press in England, is set up in the Abbey Gateway, St. Albans. *Robert Ricart begins writing The Maire of Bristowe is Kalendar in Bristol , England.1480s – Scottish makar Robert Henryson writes The Morall Fabillis of Esope the Phrygian .1483: 22 February – First known book printed in the Croatian language , the Missale Romanum Glagolitice , a missal printed in Glagolitic script , edited in Istria and printed in either Venice or in Croatia at Kosinj .1484: 22 June – First known book printed by a woman, Anna Rügerin , an edition of Eike of Repgow's compendium of customary law, the Sachsenspiegel, produced in Augsburg .1485 – The play Elckerlijc wins first prize in the Rederijker contest in Antwerp .1488 – Duke Humfrey's Library at the University of Oxford receives its first books. 1490 *Chinese scholar Hua Sui invents bronze-metal movable type printing in China. *Publication in Valencia of the prose chivalric romance Tirant lo Blanch completed by Martí Joan de Galba from the work of the knight Joanot Martorell , written in Valencian and a pioneering example of the novel in modern Europe.1492: 16 January – Antonio de Nebrija publishes Gramática de la lengua castellana, the first grammar text for the Castilian Spanish language , in Salamanca , which he introduces to the Catholic Monarchs , Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon , newly restored to power in Andalusia , as "a tool of empire".1494: 17 August – Blaž Baromić completes the first work of his printing press in Senj , Croatia, a glagolithic missal, the second edition of the Missale Romanum.1495: February-March – An edition of Constantine Lascaris's Erotemata in Greek with a parallel Latin translation by Johannes Crastonis is the first book to be published by Aldus Manutius , in Venice, using typefaces cut by Francesco Griffo .1495-1498 – Aldus Manutius publishes the Aldine Press edition of Aristotle in Venice. 1496: February – Francesco Griffo cuts the first old style serif typeface for the Aldine Press edition of Pietro Bembo's narrative Petri Bembi de Aetna Angelum Chabrielem liber, a work which also includes early adoption of the semicolon .1497 *7 February – Followers of Girolamo Savonarola burn thousands of "immoral" objects, including books, at the Bonfire of the Vanities in Florence, an episode repeatedly revisited in literature. *Possible date – First performance of the earliest known full-length secular play wholly in English, Fulgens and Lucrece'' by Henry Medwall , the first English vernacular playwright known by name, perhaps at Lambeth Palace in London.1499: Late – Contents of the library of the Madrasah of Granada are publicly burned.New works and first printings of older works 1400 *Alliterative Morte Arthure *Shivaganaprasadi Mahadevaiah – Shunyasampadane c. 1400-1410 *Nicholas Love – The Mirror of the Blessed Life of Jesus Christ 1402 *Christine de Pizan – Dit de la Rose 1402-1403 *Christine de Pizan – Le livre du chemin de long estude 1405 *Christine de Pizan **L'Avision de Christine **The Book of the City of Ladies **The Treasure of the City of Ladies c. 1410 *Mahathera Bodhiramsi – Cāmadevivaṃsa 1411 *Thomas Occleve – The Regement of Princes 1413 *Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York – The Master of Game 1420 *John Lydgate – The Siege of Thebes *Approximate date: Andrew of Wyntoun – Orygynale Cronykil of Scotland 1424 *Bhaskara – Jivandhara Charite 1425 *Sharafuddin Ali Yazdi – Zafar Nama 1429 *Leone Battista Alberti – Amator *Radoslav Gospels * Kashefi – Anvār-e Soheylī , a translation of the Panchatantra 1430 *Kallumathada Prabhudeva – Ganabhasita Ratnamale 1434 *Treatise on the Barbarian Kingdoms on the Western Oceans *Approximate date: John Lydgate – The Life of St. Edmund, King and Martyr 1435 *Leon Battista Alberti – Della Pittura 1436 *The Marvels discovered by the boat bound for the Galaxy 1438 *The Buik of Alexander *Gilte Legende , a translation into Middle English 1439 *Kalyanakirti – Jnanachandrabhyudaya 1440 *Zhu Quan – Cha Pu *Santikirtimuni – Santinathacharite 1444 *Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini – The Tale of Two Lovers 1447 *Walter Bower – Scotichronicon 1448 *Vijayanna – Dvadasanuprekshe 1450 *Reginald Pecock – Represser of over-much weeting of the Clergie *Approximate date: Ballads "A Gest of Robyn Hode" and "Robin Hood and the Monk" 1453 *Antoine de la Sale – Petit Jehan de Saintre 1455 *Padmanābha - Kanhadade Prabandha Pre-1460 *Turpines Story 1461 *François Villon – Grand Testament 1464 *A Short English Chronicle 1467 *Cardinal Juan de Torquemada – Meditationes, seu Contemplationes devotissimae , the first book printed in Italy to include woodcut illustrations 1469/70 *Giovanni Boccaccio – The Decameron c. 1470–85 *Pietru Caxaro – Il Cantilena , oldest known Maltese language text 1471 *Marsilio Ficino – De potestate et sapientia Dei , a translation from the Hermetica 1472 *Dante Alighieri – Divine Comedy , first printed 11 April in Foligno , Italy, by Johann Numeister and Evangelista Angelini da Trevi *Johannes de Sacrobosco – De sphaera mundi , the first printed astronomical book *Paul of Venice – Logica Parva *Roberto Valturio – De re militari , the first book with technical illustrations 1472 or 1473 *Johannes Tinctoris – Proportionale musices 1473 *Avicenna – The Canon of Medicine *Richard de Bury – The Philobiblon *Sir John Fortescue – The Governaunce of England *Approximate date: Missale Speciale 1474 *' 1475 *Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye , the first book printed in English, by William Caxton in Bruges c. 1475? *The Squire of Low Degree 1477 *William Caxton prints the first books in England on a printing press he set up at Westminster in 1476 **Dictes or Sayengis of the Philosophres , a translation by Earl Rivers **History of Jason , a translation from the French of Raoul Le Fèvre by Caxton *Bible in duytsche *First printed edition of The Travels of Marco Polo *Approximate date: Blind Harry – The Wallace 1478 *Geoffrey Chaucer – Canterbury Tales 1479 *Rodolphus Agricola – De inventione dialectica 1480 *Pierre Le Baud – ' *John of Capua – Directorium Humanae Vitae , a translation of the Panchatantra 1481 *Mirrour of the Worlde , a translation of 1480 by William Caxton from Vincent of Beauvais's Speculum Maius , the first book printed in England to include woodcut illustrations *The Historie of Reynart the Foxe *Approximate date: 'Pseudo-Apuleius' – Herbarium Apuleii Platonici , the first printed illustrated herbal 1482 *Mosen Diego de Valera – Crónica abreviada de España *Euclid – Elements *Hans Tucher der Ältere – Beschreibung der Reyß ins Heylig Land 1483 *The Golden Legend , a translation by William Caxton *Giacomo Filippo Foresti – Supplementum chronicarum *Das Der Buch Beyspiele , a translation of the Panchatantra *Theophrastus – Historia Plantarum 1484 *Aesop's Fables , a translation by William Caxton *Plato – Opera Platonis , a translation by Marsilio Ficino 1485 *Leon Battista Alberti – De Re Aedificatoria , the first printed work on architecture *Joseph Albo – Sefer ha-Ikkarim *Bommarasa of Terakanambi – Sanatkumara Charite *Sir Thomas Malory – Le Morte d'Arthur 1486 *Bernhard von Breydenbach – Peregrinatio in Terram Sanctam , with illustrations taken from life by the printer Erhard Reuwich *The Boke of Seynt Albans , with a contribution attributed to Juliana Berners *Giovanni Pico della Mirandola – De hominis dignitate 1487 *Niccolò da Correggio – Fabula di Cefalo *Heinrich Kramer with James Sprenger – Malleus Maleficarum , a witch-hunting manual 1489 *Marsilio Ficino – De vita libri tres 1490 *John Ireland – The Meroure of Wyssdome *Joanot Martorell and Martí Joan de Galba – Tirant lo Blanch c. 1490s *Jacomijne Costers – Visioen en exempel 1491 *Johannes de Ketham – Fasciculus Medicinae 1492 *John of Gaddesden – Rosa Medicinæ 1493 *Giuliano Dati – Lettera delle isole novamente trovata , a translation into verse of a letter from Christopher Columbus to Ferdinand of Spain , regarding Columbus' first exploratory voyage across the Atlantic in 1492 *15 June: Hartmann Schedel – Nuremberg Chronicle 1494 *Sebastian Brant – Ship of Fools *Fra Luca Pacioli – Summa de arithmetica 1496 *Isaac Abrabanel – Ma'yene ha-Yeshu'ah *Juan del Encina – Cancionero 1497 *Mīr-Khvānd – Rawżat aṣ-ṣafāʾ 1497–1504 *Pietro Bembo – Gli Asolani 1498 *Annio da Viterbo – Commentaria super opera diversorum auctorum de antiquitatibus loquentium *Polydore Vergil – Adagia 1499 *Francesco Colonna – Hypnerotomachia Poliphili *Thomas of Erfurt – De Modis Significandi printed *Niccolò Machiavelli – Discorso sopra le cose di Pisa *Fernando de Rojas – Comedia de Calisto y Melibea , better known as La Celestina *Polydore Vergil – De inventoribus rerum *Jehan Lagadec – Catholicon , the first French dictionary Undated *Krittibas Ojha – Krittivasi Ramayan *Kim Si-seup – Geumo Sinhwa *At least two of the Middle English versions of Ipomadon *Voynich manuscriptDrama c.1463-1475 *Probable date of composition of the "N-Town Plays" in The Midlands of England 1470 *Approximate date of composition of Elckerlijc , attributed to Peter van Diest *Probable date of composition of Mankind 1492 *Juan del Encina – Triunfo de la fama 1493 *Ludovico Ariosto – :it:La tragedia di Tisbe|La tragedia di Tisbe c.1497 *Henry Medwall – Fulgens and Lucrece Approximate date of composition *The Castle of Perseverance *The Somonyng of Everyman Births Early 15th c. – Henry Lovelich , English poet and translator from London 1405: 18 October – Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini , Italian erotic poet and novelist, later Pope Pius II 1406 – Matteo Palmieri , Florentine humanist and historian 1413 – Giosafat Barbaro , Venetian travel writer c. 1426 – Bhalan , Indian Gujarati-language poet 1432 – Ōta Dōkan , Japanese samurai warrior-poet and Buddhist monk 1434: 29 August – Janus Pannonius , Hungarian/Croatian poet and bishop writing in Latin c. 1435 – Johannes Tinctoris , Low Countries' writer on music and musician 1441: 9 February – Ali-Shir Nava'i , Chagatai Turkic language Timurid poet and scholar c. 1441 – Felix Fabri , Swiss Dominican theologian and travel writer 1449 – Aldus Manutius, Italian publisher c. 1451 – Richard Methley , English Dominican writer and translator 1453 – Ermolao Barbaro , Italian scholar c. 1460 – John Skelton , English poet 1462: 8 September – Henry Medwall, English playwright and ecclesiastical lawyer 1465 – Yamazaki Sōkan , Japanese poet 1470: 20 May – Pietro Bembo , Venetian-born scholar, poet and cardinal c. 1473 – Jean Lemaire de Belges , Walloon French poet and historian 1475 – Ludovico Vicentino degli Arrighi , Italian calligrapher and type designer 1483: 6 March – Francesco Guicciardini , Italian historian and statesman 1483: 19 April – Paolo Giovio , Italian contemporary historian, bishop and scientist 1485 – Hanibal Lucić , Croatian poet and playwright 1486: 28 July – Pieter Gillis , Flemish humanist, printer and Antwerp city official 1488: c. 24 August – Ferdinand Columbus , Spanish bibliophile 1488: – Otto Brunfels , German botanist and theologian 1490: Gáspár Heltai , Transylvanian writer in German 1494: November – François Rabelais , French writer 1496: 23 November – Clément Marot , French poet 1497 – Edward Hall , English historian, politician and lawyerDeaths 1400 – Jan of Jenštejn , archbishop of Prague, writer, composer and poet 1406: 19 March – Ibn Khaldun , North African historiographer and philosopher c. 1416 – Julian of Norwich , English religious writer and mystic 1426 – Thomas Hoccleve , English poet and clerk c. 1426 – John Audelay , English poet and priest c. 1430 – Christine de Pizan , French poet and author of conduct books c. 1440 – Margery Kempe , English mystic and autobiographer c. 1443 – Zeami Motokiyo, Japanese Noh actor and playwright 1448 – Zhu Quan, Prince of Ning , Chinese military commander, feudal lord, historian and playwright c. 1451 – John Lydgate, English poet and monk 1454 – Francesco Barbaro , Italian humanist and politician 1458 – Íñigo López de Mendoza, 1st Marquis of Santillana , Castilian politician and poet 1464 – John Capgrave , English historian and scholastic theologian 1468 – Joanot Martorell, Valencian novelist and knight 1471 – Sir Thomas Malory , presumed English writer 1472: 27 March – Janus Pannonius, Hungarian/Croatian poet and bishop writing in Latin 1475 – Matteo Palmieri, Florentine historian and humanist 1486 – Margareta Clausdotter , Swedish chronicler and nun c. 1490 – Lewys Glyn Cothi , Welsh poet 1492 – Jami , Persian poet and scholar 1493 – Ermolao Barbaro, Italian scholar 1494 – Giosafat Barbaro, Italian travel writer, diplomat and explorerFictional events c. 1471 – Opening of Walter Scott's novel Anne of Geierstein . 1476 – Lope de Vega's play Fuenteovejuna is set in this year. c. 1476-1485 – Cynthia Harnett's children's novel The Load of Unicorn is set around Caxton's London printing enterprise during this period. 1482: 6 January – Opening of Victor Hugo's novel Notre-Dame de Paris . 1490 – Mark Twain's novel The Mysterious Stranger , "No. 44" or "Print Shop" version is set in this year. 1492-1494 – George Eliot's novel Romola is set in this period. 1493 – Opening of Cynthia Harnett's children's novel The Wool-Pack .
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