1834 in Canada

Incumbents

• Monarch: William IV

  Federal government

• Parliament of Lower Canada: 14th
• Parliament of Upper Canada: 11th

  Governors

• Governor of the Canadas: Robert Milnes
• Governor of New Brunswick: George Stracey Smyth
• Governor of Nova Scotia: John Coape Sherbrooke
• Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland: Richard Goodwin Keats
• Governor of Prince Edward Island: Charles Douglass Smith

  Events

January to June

• January – King William IV appoints an arbitrator to settle questions regarding customs dues between the Canadas.
• January – The King announces that he will not make the Legislative Council an elected body, as it would be inconsistent with the monarchy, but that he will favor measures for the Council's independence.
• January – Thomas Spring Rice, the Secretary of State for War and the Colonies writes "If coming events should constrain the British Legislature to interpose its supreme authority to appease the internal dissensions of the Colony, it would then, indeed, become my duty to submit for the consideration of Parliament, some modifications of the charters of the Canadas, not however, for introducing institutions inconsistent with monarchy, but to preserve and cement their connection with the Mother Country, adhering ever to the spirit of the British Constitution, and confining within their legitimate bounds the rights and privileges of His Majesty's subjects."
• January 23 – The Chateau St. Louis is burned.
• February 17 – The Ninety-Two Resolutions are passed by the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada. The complaints relate, chiefly, to nominations of Councillors, partiality in filling offices, of which 47 are alleged to have been distributed among 525,000 Frenchmen, against 157 higher positions, among 75,000 of British origin.
• *Speaking in the House upon the Ninety-Two Resolutions, which he frames and Mr. Bedard moves, Louis-Joseph Papineau says "It is certain that, before long, the whole of America will be republicanized. If a change be necessary in our present constitution, it is to be undertaken in view of such a conjuncture as I have just mentioned. Would it be a crime, were I to demand that it should? The members of the House are all answerable to their constituents for whatever decisions they may come to, in this regard. And, even though the soldiery should slaughter them for it, they ought not to hesitate, for one moment, to pronounce for any change which they consider beneficial to their country."
• *Mr. Neilson replies: "The American revolutionists and the British Liberals contended for the maintenance of franchises already acquired; we oppositionists are reaching out our hands for freedom which we never possessed. The Resolutions can not be justified, for they favor the refusal of supplies, without which there would be no means of defraying the expense of governing the Province."
• March 6 – Incorporation of Toronto, heretofore York, Upper Canada.
• William Lyon Mackenzie elected first mayor of the city of Toronto, and, contrary to his previous record, is not expelled from office.
• March 8 – The Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society, an institution in Quebec dedicated to the protection of Quebec francophone interests and to the promotion of Quebec Sovereignism, is founded.

  July to December

• July 31 – At midnight July 31, slavery comes to an end in all British territories, including British North America. To honour this important event, August 1 is celebrated as Emancipation Day in Windsor, Ontario, and elsewhere.
• December 9 – Foundation of the "Canadian Alliance Society" in Upper Canada at Toronto.
• Before a committee of the British Commons, Hon. Edward Ellice suggests remedies for troubles in Canada.

  Full date unknown

• A majority of the Assembly call for Lord Aylmer's impeachment for maladministration, and invite Daniel O'Connell and others to assist them. The Council and British Canadians counter-petition. The Assembly omit voting supplies.
• Adopting revolutionary tactics, Papineau advises wearing homespun cloth and buying nothing British, in order to diminish misused revenues. Bankstocks being of British ownership, he advises a general demand of gold for banknotes.
• Samuel Lount elected to Assembly along with William Lyon Mackenzie and a Reform majority.

  Parliaments and Assemblies

• 14th Parliament of Lower Canada
• 11th Parliament of Upper Canada
• 14th General Assembly of Nova Scotia
• 10th New Brunswick Legislative Assembly
• 13th General Assembly of Prince Edward Island

  Arts and literature

• Song Ô Canada! mon pays, mes amours by George-Étienne Cartier.

  Births

January to March

• January 1 – Edward Cochrane, politician
• January 4 – Alexander Cameron, physician and politician
• January 8 – Timothy Coughlin, farmer and politician
• January 17 – Hannah Maynard, photographer
• January 20 – William Carpenter Bompas, Church of England clergyman, bishop and missionary
• January 29 – George Barnard Baker, lawyer, politician and Senator
• February 14 – George Ralph Richardson Cockburn, educator and politician
• March – Timothy Eaton, businessman and founder of Eaton's
• March 3 – Colin MacDougall, politician and lawyer
• March 8 – Thomas Christie, physician, professor and politician
• March 16 – James Hector, geologist, naturalist and surgeon
• March 19 – Auguste Achintre, journalist and essayist

  April to June

• April 21 – William Elliott, farmer, merchant and politician
• April 21 – Erastus Wiman, journalist and businessman
• May 7 – John Herbert Turner, politician and Premier of British Columbia
• June 6 – Abram William Lauder, lawyer and politician

  July to September

• July 27 – Donald Farquharson, politician and Premier of Prince Edward Island
• August 7 – Sévère Rivard, lawyer, politician and 17th Mayor of Montreal
• August 9 – Hector Fabre, lawyer, journalist, diplomat and Senator
• August 12 – William Donahue, merchant and politician
• August 25 – Anson Dodge, lumber dealer and politician
• September 12 – Daniel Woodley Prowse, lawyer, politician, judge, historian and essayist
• September 16 – Robert Simpson, businessman and founder of Simpsons
• September 21 – Désiré Olivier Bourbeau, politician and merchant
• September 27 – Charles Fleetford Sise, businessman

  October to December

• October 13 – Louis Adolphe Billy, politician and lawyer
• November 7 – Ernest Gagnon, folklorist
• November 11 – Richard Butler, editor, publisher, journalist and U.S. vice-consul
• November 13 – William Doran, mayor of Hamilton, Ontario
• November 15 – George Anthony Walkem, jurist, politician and 3rd and 5th Premier of British Columbia
• November 16 – Georges-Isidore Barthe, lawyer, publisher, journalist and politician
• November 17 – George Cox, mayor of Ottawa
• November 26 – Joseph Brunet, politician and businessman
• December 14 – Thomas Bain, politician and Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada

  Full date unknown

• Joseph-Élisée Beaudet, businessman and politician
• James Cunningham, merchant and politician

  Deaths

• May 24 – John Saunders, soldier, lawyer, politician and Chief Justice of New Brunswick
• August 12 or August 13 – Peter Rindisbacher, painter
• September 6 – William Dummer Powell, lawyer, judge and politician
• September 8 – William Black, Methodist minister