1864 in Germany

Incumbents

• King of Bavaria – Maximilian II of Bavaria; Ludwig II of Bavaria
• King of Prussia – William I
• King of Saxony – John

  Events

• 1 February – Beginning of Second Schleswig War
• 2 February – Battle of Mysunde
• 6 February – Battle of Sankelmark
• 17 March – Battle of Jasmund
• 7–18 April – Battle of Dybbøl
• 25 April – 25 June – London Conference of 1864
• 9 May – Battle of Heligoland
• 29 June – 1 July – Battle of Als
• 3 July – Battle of Lundby
• 30 October – Treaty of Vienna, End of Second Schleswig War

  Undated

• Evacuation of Danevirke
• Alfred Enneper publishes his parametrization of the Enneper surface in connection with minimal surface theory
• Hugo Erfurt invents Ingrain wallpaper

  Births

• 8 January – Julie Wolfthorn, German painter
• 13 January – Wilhelm Wien, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 5 February – Carl Teike, German composer
• 16 February – Hermann Stehr, German novelist and writer
• 24 February – Alfred Jeremias, German pastor, assyriologist and an expert on the religions of the Ancient Near East
• 4 March – Johanna Ey, German art dealer
• 30 March – Franz Oppenheimer, German sociologist
• 11 April – Johanna Elberskirchen, German writer and women rights activist
• 21 April – Max Weber, German sociologist
• 5 May – Hans Gerhard Gräf, German Goethe specialist
• 12 May – Cäsar Flaischlen, German poet
• 15 May – Robert Schmidt, German politician
• 21 May – Otfried Nippold, German jurist
• 22 May – Willy Stöwer, German artist and painter
• 2 June – Wilhelm Souchon, German admiral
• 3 June – Albert Fraenkel, German physician
• 11 June – Richard Strauss, German composer
• 14 June – Alois Alzheimer, German psychiatrist, neuropathologist
• 16 June – Willy Wolterstorff, German paleontologist and herpetologist
• 22 June – Hermann Minkowski, German mathematician, born in Russia
• 25 June – Walther Nernst, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 18 July – Ricarda Huch, German historian and writer
• 24 July – Frank Wedekind, German playwright
• 12 August – Kuno von Westarp, German politician
• 17 August – Paul Wendland, German philologist
• 20 August – Karl Fritz, German Roman Catholic archbishop
• 27 August – Hermann Weingärtner, German gymnast
• 19 September – Carl Correns, German biologist
• 26 September – Arthur Kampf, German painter
• 5 October – Arthur Zimmermann, German diplomat
• 30 October – Theodor Wiegand, German archaeologist
• 27 November – Alfred Meyer-Waldeck, German admiral, born in Russia
• 31 December – Hans am Ende, German painter

  Deaths

• 27 January – Leo von Klenze, German neoclassicist architect, painter and writer
• 10 March – Maximilian II of Bavaria, German king of Bavaria
• 2 May – Giacomo Meyerbeer, German composer, died in France
• 3 August – Jakob Walter, German stonemason, common draftee