1871 in Germany

Incumbents

National level

• Kaiser – William I
• Chancellor – Otto von Bismarck

  State level

Kingdoms

• King of Bavaria – Ludwig II of Bavaria
• King of Prussia – Kaiser William I
• King of Saxony – John of Saxony
• King of Württemberg – Charles of Württemberg

  Grand Duchies

• Grand Duke of Baden – Frederick I
• Grand Duke of Hesse – Louis III
• Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin – Frederick Francis II
• Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz – Frederick William
• Grand Duke of Oldenburg – Peter II
• Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – Charles Alexander

  Principalities

• Schaumburg-Lippe – Adolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
• Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt – George Albert, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
• Schwarzburg-Sondershausen – Günther Friedrich Karl II, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
• Principality of Lippe – Leopold III, Prince of Lippe
• Reuss Elder Line – Heinrich XXII, Prince Reuss of Greiz
• Reuss Younger Line – Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line
• Waldeck and Pyrmont – George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont

  Duchies

• Duke of Anhalt – Leopold IV, Duke of Anhalt to 22 May, then Frederick I, Duke of Anhalt
• Duke of Brunswick – William, Duke of Brunswick
• Duke of Saxe-Altenburg – Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
• Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha – Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
• Duke of Saxe-Meiningen – Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen

  Events

• 3 January – Battle of Bapaume. Prussian victory in continuing Franco-Prussian War.
• 10 January – Besieged city of Péronne surrenders to Prussian forces.
• 10–12 January – Battle of Le Mans, ends French resistance in western France.
• 15–17 January – Battle of the Lisaine. Prussian victory.
• 18 January – The member-states of the North German Federation and the south German states unite into a single nation-state known as the German Empire. The King of Prussia is declared the first German Emperor as Wilhelm I of Germany.
• 19 January – Battle of St. Quentin. Prussian victory defeats French attempts to relieve the besieged city of Paris.
• 19–20 January – Battle of Buzenval. Prussian victory.
• 28 January – Siege of Paris ends, with the city falling to Prussian forces.
• 15 February – Armistice signed between France and Prussia.
• 18 February – Siege of Belfort ends with surrender of French garrison.
• 26 February – Treaty of Versailles ends the Franco-Prussian War.
• 3 March – German federal election, 1871
• 21 March – Otto von Bismarck is appointed as the first Imperial Chancellor of the German Empire and his Bismarck cabinet was sworn in.
• 16 April – Constitution of the German Empire, the basic law of the German Empire of 1871–1918, passed by German Reichtstag and coming into effect on 4 May 1871.
• 10 May – Treaty of Frankfurt is signed with confirming the frontiers between Germany and France.
• 15 May – The Strafgesetzbuch, which goes back to the Penal Code of the North German Confederation, passed in Reichstag. It came into effect on January 1, 1872.
• 10 December – Otto von Bismarck tries to ban Catholics from the political stage by introducing harsh laws concerning the separation of church and state.

  Undated

• The provinces of Alsace and Lorraine are transferred from France to Germany.
• The Constitution of the German Empire abolishes all restrictions on Jewish marriage, choice of occupation, place of residence, and property ownership. Exclusion from government employment and discrimination in social relations remain in effect.
• The Pulpit Law is passed by the Reichstag
• The Strafgesetzbuch is passed by the Reichstag, largely identical to the Penal Code of the North German Confederation.
• German company Continental is founded in Hannover.
• Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing is founded.
• German company Hoesch AG is founded in Dortmund.

  Births

January to June

• 21 January – Hermann Blau, German chemist and inventor
• 4 February – Friedrich Ebert, President of Germany
• 4 February – Heinrich Schnee, German lawyer, colonial civil servant, politician, writer, and association official
• 13 February – Joseph Vollmer, German engineer
• 18 February – Ludwig Woltmann, German zoologist
• 21 February – Paul Cassirer, art dealer
• 5 March – Rosa Luxemburg, German Jewish politician
• 27 March – Heinrich Mann, German writer
• 29 March – Fritz Cassirer, conductor
• 13 April – Otto Treßler, German actor
• 21 April – Leo Blech, German composer and conductor
• 6 May – Christian Morgenstern, German author and poet
• 18 May – Fanny zu Reventlow, German artist and writer
• 30 May – Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe, sovereign of the Principality of Lippe
• 12 June – Ernst Stromer, German paleontologist

  July to December

• 13 August – Karl Liebknecht, German politician
• 21 August – Hugo Graf von und zu Lerchenfeld auf Köfering und Schönberg, German politician
• 14 September – Karl Joseph Schulte, cardinal of Roman Catholic Church
• 19 September – Fritz Schaudinn, German zoologist
• 20 December – Andreas Blunck, German politician

  Deaths

• 4 February – Hermann, Fürst von Pückler-Muskau, German nobleman
• 18 March – Georg Gottfried Gervinus, German politician, literary and political historian
• 4 April – Peter von Hess, German painter
• 23 April – Ignaz von Olfers, German historian and naturalist
• 22 May – Leopold IV, Duke of Anhalt, German nobleman

  Citations