1875 in Canada

Incumbents

Crown

• Monarch – Victoria

  Federal government

• Governor general – Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood
• Prime minister – Alexander Mackenzie'
• Chief Justice – William Buell Richards
• Parliament – 3rd

  Provincial governments

Lieutenant governors

• Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia – Joseph Trutch
• Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba – Alexander Morris
• Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick – Samuel Leonard Tilley
• Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia – Adams George Archibald
• Lieutenant Governor of Ontario – John Willoughby Crawford then Donald Alexander Macdonald
• Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island – Robert Hodgson
• Lieutenant Governor of Quebec – René-Édouard Caron

  Premiers

• Premier of British Columbia – George Anthony Walkem
• Premier of Manitoba – Robert Atkinson Davis
• Premier of New Brunswick – George Edwin King
• Premier of Nova Scotia – William Annand then Philip Carteret Hill
• Premier of Ontario – Oliver Mowat
• Premier of Prince Edward Island – Lemuel Cambridge Owen
• Premier of Quebec – Charles Boucher de Boucherville

  Territorial governments

Lieutenant governors

• Lieutenant Governor of the Northwest Territories – Alexander Morris

  Events

• January 14 – The Halifax Herald is first published
• January 18 – 1875 Ontario election: Sir Oliver Mowat's Liberals win a second consecutive majority
• April 5 – The Supreme Court of Canada is created
• April 8 – The Northwest Territories is given a lieutenant-governor separate from that of Manitoba.
• May 11 – Philip Carteret Hill becomes premier of Nova Scotia, replacing William Annand
• June 1 – Construction begins on the Canadian Pacific Railway
• June 30 – The Land Purchase Act comes into effect in Prince Edward Island in order to address the "land question", one of the issues that had prompted the colony to join Confederation
• July 7 – 1875 Quebec election: Charles-Eugène Boucher de Boucherville's Conservatives win a third consecutive majority
• July 20 – 1875 British Columbia election
• September 2 – The Guibord Affair, violence resulting from the 1874 Guibord case, breaks out.

  Full date unknown

• Louis Riel is granted amnesty with the condition that he be banished for five years.
• Jennifer Trout becomes the first woman licensed to practise medicine in Canada, although Emily Stowe has been doing so without a licence in Toronto since 1867
• Grace Lockhart receives from Mount Allison University the first Bachelor of Arts degree awarded to a woman.
• Hospital for Sick Children founded.

  Births

• March 29 – Harry James Barber, politician
• June 12 – Sam De Grasse, actor
• June 15 – Herman Smith-Johannsen, ski pioneer and supercentenarian
• August 2 – Albert Hickman, politician and 17th Prime Minister of Newfoundland
• August 21 – Winnifred Eaton, author
• August 22 – François Blais, politician
• August 26 – John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir, novelist, politician and 15th Governor General of Canada
• September 6 – Edith Berkeley, biologist
• October 5 – Anne-Marie Huguenin, journalist
• November 19 – John Knox Blair, politician, physician and teacher
• December 5 – Arthur Currie, World War I general

  Deaths

• March 1 – Henry Kellett, officer in the Royal Navy, oceanographer, Arctic explorer
• June 22 – William Edmond Logan, geologist
• July 15 – Charles La Rocque, priest and third Bishop of Saint-Hyacinthe
• July 22 – Amable Éno, dit Deschamps, political figure
• August 21 – George Coles, Premier of Prince Edward Island
• December 14 – Marie-Anne Gaboury, female explorer

  Historical Documents