18th United States Congress

The 18th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1823, to March 4, 1825, during the seventh and eighth years of James Monroe's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Fourth Census of the United States in 1820. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.

Major events

August 1823: Arikara War fought between the Arikara nation and the United States, the first American military conflict with the Plains Indians.
December 2, 1823: Monroe Doctrine: President James Monroe delivered a speech to the Congress, announcing a new policy of forbidding European interference in the Americas and establishing American neutrality in future European conflicts.
February 9, 1825: John Quincy Adams elected as President of the United States by the House of Representatives in accordance with the contingent election provision of the Twelfth Amendment, as no candidate had received a majority of the electoral votes cast in the 1824 presidential election. The House was required to choose between Adams, Andrew Jackson, and William Crawford, with the delegation from each of the 24 states having one vote. Adams was elected on the first ballot by 13 to 7 to 4.
Connecticut
Illinois
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Missouri
New Hampshire
New York
Ohio
Rhode Island
Vermont
Alabama
Indiana
Mississippi
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
South Carolina
Tennessee
Delaware
Georgia
North Carolina
VirginiaTotal: 13 Total: 7 Total: 4
Major legislation
January 7, 1824: Tariff of 1824, Sess. 1, ch. 4,
March 3, 1825: Crimes Act of 1825, Sess. 2, ch. 65,
Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

House of Representatives

Leadership

Senate

President: Daniel D. Tompkins
President pro tempore: John Gaillard
House of Representatives
Speaker: Henry Clay
Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and Representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1826; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1828; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1824.

[List of [United States Senators from Alabama|Alabama]]

2. William R. King
3. William Kelly
Connecticut">List of United States Senators from Connecticut">Connecticut
1. Elijah Boardman, until August 18, 1823
* Henry W. Edwards, from October 8, 1823
3. James Lanman
Delaware">List of United States Senators from Delaware">Delaware
1. Thomas Clayton, from January 8, 1824
2. Nicholas Van Dyke, from January 7, 1824
Georgia">List of United States Senators from Georgia">Georgia
2. Nicholas Ware, until September 7, 1824
* Thomas W. Cobb, from December 6, 1824
3. John Elliott
Illinois">List of United States Senators from Illinois">Illinois
2. Jesse B. Thomas
3. Ninian Edwards, until March 4, 1824
* John McLean, from November 23, 1824
Indiana">List of United States Senators from Indiana">Indiana
1. James Noble
3. Waller Taylor
Kentucky">List of United States Senators from Kentucky">Kentucky
2. Richard M. Johnson
3. Isham Talbot
Louisiana">List of United States Senators from Louisiana">Louisiana
2. Henry Johnson, until May 27, 1824
* Dominique J. Bouligny, from November 19, 1824
3. James Brown, until December 10, 1823
* Josiah S. Johnston, from January 15, 1824
Maine">List of United States Senators from Maine">Maine
1. John Holmes
2. John Chandler
Maryland">List of United States Senators from Maryland">Maryland
1. Samuel Smith
3. Edward Lloyd
Massachusetts">List of United States Senators from Massachusetts">Massachusetts
1. Elijah H. Mills
2. James Lloyd
Mississippi">List of United States Senators from Mississippi">Mississippi
1. David Holmes
2. Thomas H. Williams
Missouri">List of United States Senators from Missouri">Missouri
1. Thomas H. Benton
3. David Barton
New Hampshire">List of United States Senators from New Hampshire">New Hampshire
2. Samuel Bell
3. John F. Parrott
New Jersey">List of United States Senators from New Jersey">New Jersey
1. Joseph McIlvaine, from November 12, 1823
2. Mahlon Dickerson
New York">List of United States Senators from New York">New York
1. Martin Van Buren
3. Rufus King
North Carolina">List of United States Senators from North Carolina">North Carolina
2. John Branch
3. Nathaniel Macon
Ohio">List of United States Senators from Ohio">Ohio
1. Benjamin Ruggles
3. Ethan Allen Brown
Pennsylvania">List of United States Senators from Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania
1. William Findlay
3. Walter Lowrie
Rhode Island">List of United States Senators from Rhode Island">Rhode Island
1. James De Wolf
2. Nehemiah R. Knight
South Carolina">List of United States Senators from South Carolina">South Carolina
2. Robert Y. Hayne
3. John Gaillard
Tennessee">List of United States Senators from Tennessee">Tennessee
1. John H. Eaton
2. Andrew Jackson
Vermont">List of United States Senators from Vermont">Vermont
1. Horatio Seymour
3. William A. Palmer
Virginia">List of United States Senators from Virginia">Virginia
1. James Barbour
2. John Taylor, until August 21, 1824
* Littleton W. Tazewell, from December 7, 1824
House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.