1931 in the Soviet Union

Incumbents

• General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin
• Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Congress of Soviets – Mikhail Kalinin
• Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union – Vyacheslav Molotov

  Events

March

• 1–8 March – The 1931 Menshevik Trial is held.

  April

• 27 April – 1931 Zangezur earthquake

  Births

• 1 January – Anatoli Ivanovich Bogdanov, Olympic shooter
• 17 January – Yury Rudov, Olympic fencer
• 22 January – Galina Zybina, Olympic athlete
• 1 February – Boris Yeltsin, President of Russia
• 2 March – Mikhail Gorbachev, President of the Soviet Union
• 23 March – Yevdokiya Mekshilo, Olympic skier
• 29 March – Aleksei Gubarev, cosmonaut
• 27 April – Igor Oistrakh, Ukrainian violinist
• 25 May – Georgy Grechko, cosmonaut
• 25 June – Anatoli Georgievich Vitushkin, mathematician
• 27 June – Anatoli Ilyin, footballer
• 24 September – Mark Midler, Olympic fencer
• 28 September – Emma Yefimova, Olympic fencer
• 32 November – Revaz Dogonadze, Georgian physicist

  Deaths

• 23 January – Anna Pavlova, Russian ballerina, died in The Hague
• 15 August – Nigar Shikhlinskaya, first Azerbaijani nurse