1934 in Australia

Incumbents

• Monarch – George V
• Governor-General – Sir Isaac Isaacs
• Prime Minister – Joseph Lyons
• Chief Justice – Frank Gavan Duffy

  State Premiers

• Premier of New South Wales – Bertram Stevens
• Premier of Queensland – William Forgan Smith
• Premier of South Australia – Richard L. Butler
• Premier of Tasmania – John McPhee, then Walter Lee, then Albert Ogilvie
• Premier of Victoria – Sir Stanley Argyle
• Premier of Western Australia – Philip Collier

  State Governors

• Governor of New South Wales – Sir Philip Game
• Governor of Queensland – Sir Leslie Orme Wilson
• Governor of South Australia – Sir Alexander Hore-Ruthven, then Sir Winston Dugan
• Governor of Tasmania – Sir Ernest Clark
• Governor of Victoria – William Vanneck, 5th Baron Huntingfield
• Governor of Western Australia – none appointed

  Events

• 18 January – Qantas and Imperial Airways join forces and establish Qantas Empire Airways.
• 12 March – An intense cyclone crosses the Queensland coast near Innisfail, 75 people were confirmed dead.
• 1 September – Body of the "Pyjama Girl" found in Albury, New South Wales.
• 15 September – A federal election is held. Joseph Lyons is returned as Prime Minister, leading a United Australia Party-Country Party coalition to victory over the Australian Labor Party.
• 3 October – Qantas de Havilland DH.50 Atalanta, registration VH-UHE, crashes near Winton, Queensland, killing the pilot and 2 passengers.
• 15 October – Captain Cook's cottage is opened to the public, after being dismantled in England, then shipped to Australia and reassembled in Fitzroy Gardens, Melbourne.
• 18 October – Charles Prince of Morphettville is found guilty of fraud for the "ring in" of Redlock at the Murray Bridge Racing Club on 28 July.
• 24 October – C. W. A. Scott and Tom Campbell Black cross the finishing line and win the MacRobertson Air Race, flying from London to Melbourne in an elapsed time of 71 hours.
• 6 November – The Australian government attempts to stop left-wing writer Egon Erwin Kisch from entering the country, using the language provisions of the Immigration Restriction Act 1901 which allowed a test in any European language. The multi-lingual Kisch was tested in Scottish Gaelic, although the decision to block his entry was later overturned by the High Court.
• 11 November – The Shrine of Remembrance in Melbourne is dedicated.
• 15 November – Qantas de Havilland DH86 crashes after departing from Longreach Airport during its delivery flight.

  Unknown dates

• The first ute is produced by Ford in Geelong
• CMV Group founded

  Arts and literature

• Henry Hanke wins the Archibald Prize with his self-portrait
• Eleanor Dark's Prelude to Christopher is published. The author was later awarded the ALS Gold Medal.
• Martin Boyd publishes his first novel Scandal of Spring
• Christina Stead publishes her first novel Seven Poor Men of Sydney

  Film

• Strike Me Lucky, starring Roy Rene and directed by Ken G. Hall, is released

  Sport

• 8 September - The 1934 NSWRFL season culminates in Western Suburbs' victory against Eastern Suburbs in the final
• Peter Pan wins the Melbourne Cup
• Victoria wins the Sheffield Shield
• Australia defeats England 2–1 in The Ashes series, held in England

  Births

• 6 January – Harry M. Miller, promoter and publicist
• 11 January – Peter Badcoe, soldier and Victoria Cross recipient
• 20 January – Barry Fisher, cricketer
• 26 January – Ruby Langford Ginibi, Indigenous author and historian
• 31 January – Gil Jamieson, painter
• 15 February – Graham Kennedy, entertainer
• 17 February – Barry Humphries, entertainer
• 20 March – David Malouf, writer
• 16 April – Barrie Unsworth, Premier of New South Wales
• 27 April – Colin Holt, Australian rules footballer
• 1 May – John Meillon, actor
• 5 May – Victor Garland, politician and high commissioner to the UK
• 6 May – Chris Wallace-Crabbe, poet and academic
• 2 June – Ian Brooker, botanist
• 27 June – Bill Hay, Australian rules footballer
• 6 July – Tony Burreket, politician
• 7 July – Brian Davis, politician
• 11 July – Barney Cooney, politician
• 16 July – Marjorie McQuade, swimmer
• 18 July – Alan Ridge, politician
• 12 August – Ian George, Anglican Archbishop of Adelaide
• 17 August – Ben Humphreys, politician
• 25 August – Jimmy Hannan, television presenter
• 15 September – Fred Nile, clergyman and politician
• 9 October – Jill Ker Conway, author and academic
• 10 October – Julian Beale, politician
• 2 November – Ken Rosewall, tennis player
• 16 November – Peter Ross Sinclair, Governor of New South Wales
• 4 December – Bill Collins, film critic
• 24 December – Alan Beaumont, Chief of the Australian Defence Force,

  Deaths

• 1 January – Robert Gibson, businessman
• 22 January – Arthur Wilberforce Jose, historian
• 30 January – Edward Heitmann, WA politician
• 21 February – Sydney Smith, NSW and federal politician
• 27 February – George Temple-Poole, architect
• 17 March – Walter Rosenhain, metallurgist
• 23 March – Thomas Brown
• 29 March – Josiah Symon, Attorney-General of Australia
• 30 March – Ronald Munro-Ferguson, 1st Viscount Novar, Governor General of Australia
• 12 April – Bertram Steele, scientist
• 12 May – Agar Wynne, politician
• 25 May – Percy Coleman, union organiser and politician
• 5 June - Emily Dobson, philanthropist
• 6 June – William Holman, Premier of New South Wales
• 19 June – John McDonald, WA politician
• 14 July – John Thomson, politician
• 31 July – Charles McGrath, politician
• 6 August – Alexander Leeper, educationist
• 18 August – Sir John Sulman, architect
• 27 August – Linda Agostini, murder victim
• 28 August – T. W. Edgeworth David, scientist
• 5 September – Sidney Myer, businessman
• 10 September – Fred Bamford, politician
• 7 October – William Sutherland Dun, paleontologist and geologist
• 16 October – James Mathews, politician
• 21 November – John Scaddan, Premier of Western Australia
• 3 December – Charles Ulm, aviator