1937 in the Soviet Union

Incumbents

• General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin
• Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Congress of Soviets – Mikhail Kalinin
• Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union – Vyacheslav Molotov

  Events

• 23–30 January – Trial of the Anti-Soviet Trotskyist Center
• June – Case of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization
• 12 December – Soviet Union legislative election, 1937

  Films

• Bezhin Meadow – directed by Sergei Eisenstein
• Lullaby – directed by Dziga Vertov
• The Return of Maxim – directed by Grigori Kozintsev and Leonid Trauberg
• Without Dowry – directed by Yakov Protazanov

  Births

Deaths

• 10 January – Martemyan Ryutin
• 30 January – Georgy Pyatakov and Nikolay Muralov
• 18 February – Grigory Ordzhonikidze
• April 13 – Ilya Ilf
• 31 May – Yan Gamarnik and Nikolai Uglanov
• night of 11/12 June – Mikhail Tukhachevsky, Ieronim Uborevich, Iona Yakir, Vitovt Putna, Vitaly Primakov and Robert Eideman
• July 13 – Mikhail Alafusov
• October 30 – Avel Enukidze
• November 26 – Leonid Veyner
• November 28 – Ernest Appoga
• Vassily Ryutin, older son of Martemyan Ryutin, executed
• Vissarion Ryutin, younger son of Martemyan Ryutin, executed