The C-53 Crash on the Gauli Glacier in the Bernese Alps, on 19 November 1946 was a turning point in alpine rescue and an international media event. The aircraft, coming from Tulln, Austria, bound for Pisa, Italy, collided with the Gauli Glacier in poor visibility. On board were eight passengers and four crew. Several people were injured, but there were no fatalities.
The crew thought the aircraft had crashed in the French Alps. An hour after the crash, the crew was able to send emergency radio messages which were received at Orly Airport and at the Istres-Le Tubé Air Base near Marseille, tri-angulating their position in the Airolo-Sion-Jungfrau triangle. A large search and rescue operation began immediately. Two days later, the control tower at Swiss Air Force Base Meiringen, away, received their radio calls, giving a new radio bearing, narrowing the search area to the Gauli Glacier. At 0931 hours on 22 November an RAFLancaster, piloted by F/L G. Head, spotted the aircraft through a break in the cloud cover. The crew managed to plot the location by using radio plots. Later that day when the clouds cleared, search aircraft were sent to this location. A Boeing B-29 Superfortress sighted the aircraft by chance from an altitude of whilst en route to Munich, later confirmed by the crew of a Swiss Air ForceEKW C-36.
Rescue
After the accident location was known, a large alpine rescue operation was begun. The United States Army arrived on a train carrying equipment in Interlaken, where the normal gauge railway track ends. The U.S. response units were equipped with Willys MB jeeps and snowcats but these were potentially useless in the alpine conditions. The potentially cumbersome use of military gliders was contemplated but was not considered further, so rescue teams had to proceed on foot. On 23 November at 2:20 PM, two Swiss soldiers on skis reached the stricken aircraft and its passengers after a 13-hour ascent from Innertkirchen, but as it was too late for a descent on the same day, it was decided to wait at the wreck over night, enduring temperatures of. The next day, everyone descended towards the Alpine Club's Gauli hut at, failing to make radio contact with the coordinators in the valley. At 10.20 AM, SwAF pilots Captain Victor Hug and Major Pista Hitz, managed to land two Fieseler Storch aircraft on the glacier beside the rescuers, and with eight flights, everyone was flown to safety. The Swiss army had tested snow landings and starts during the winter of 1944/45.
Aftermath
After World War II, the diplomatic relationship between Switzerland and the United States was uncertain. But after the successful rescue, the political climate improved, in part because the rescue work was prominently covered by the international media. The rescue operation would have repercussions a decade later when the Swiss were asked to support the rescue and salvage efforts after the 1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision. A more lasting impact of the incident was that the rescue of aircraft passengers in alpine terrain became seriously considered by authorities. The crash on the Gauli glacier is seen as the birth of Swiss air rescue, and in 1952, the Swiss Air Rescue Guard was founded. In 2012 & in 2018 remains of the machine that crashed in 1946 emerged on the Gauli Glacier, and subsequently the Swiss Army has been working to recover the wreck and clean up the site.
