1946 in science The year 1946 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.Astronomy January 10 – The United States Army Signal Corps' Project Diana bounces radar waves off the Moon. Reginald Aldworth Daly of Harvard University first proposes a giant impact hypothesis to account for formation of the moon .Biology November 10 – Peter Scott opens the Slimbridge Wetland Reserve in England . Karl von Frisch publishes "Die Tänze der Bienen". Edmund Jaeger discovers and later documents, in The Condor , a state of extended torpor , approaching hibernation , in a bird, the common poorwill .Cartography The Chamberlin trimetric projection is developed in 1946 by Wellman Chamberlin for the National Geographic Society .Computer science February 14-15 – ENIAC , the first non-classified all-electronic Turing complete computer, built under the direction of J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly , is announced and dedicated at the University of Pennsylvania's Moore School of Electrical Engineering . It is programmable by plugboard and uses conditional branching. December 11 – Frederick Williams receives a patent for a random-access memory device.Earth sciences Arthur Holmes estimates the age of the Earth , using uranium–lead dating . July 14 – Dr. Benjamin Spock's The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care is first published in New York ; it becomes one of the biggest best-sellers of all time. Harold Gillies begins to perform sex reassignment surgery on Michael Dillon , including the first phalloplasty for a trans man . Chance Brothers of Smethwick , England, produce the first all-glass syringe with interchangeable barrel and plunger, allowing easy mass-sterilisation of components. Alfred Gilman , with Frederick S. Philips, first publish the results of trials of anti-cancer chemotherapy , using mechlorethamine , carried out with Louis S. Goodman. January 1 – Atomic Energy Research Establishment established at Harwell, Oxfordshire under John Cockcroft . May 21 – Manhattan Project physicist Louis Slotin accidentally triggers a fission reaction at the Los Alamos National Laboratory and gives himself a lethal dose of hard radiation , making him the second victim of a criticality accident in history. The BBGKY hierarchy of equations for s -particle distribution functions is applied to the derivation of kinetic equations by Nikolay Bogolyubov in a paper received in July 1945 and published in 1946 in Russian and in English. The related kinetic transport theory is considered by John Gamble Kirkwood in a paper received in October 1945 and published in March 1946. The first paper by Max Born and Herbert S. Green considering a general kinetic theory of liquids is received in February 1946 and published on 31 December 1946 .Awards Nobel Prizes * Physics – Percy Williams Bridgman * Chemistry – James B. Sumner, John Howard Northrop , Wendell Meredith Stanley * Medicine – Hermann Joseph Muller Births February 26 – Ahmed Zewail , Egyptian-born "father of femtochemistry", recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry May 11 – Robert Jarvik , American co-inventor of the Jarvik-7 artificial heart June 13 – Paul L. Modrich, American biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry June 24 – Ellison Onizuka , American astronaut July 2 – Richard Axel , American physiologist , recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine August 2 – Nigel Hitchin , English mathematician August 5 – Shirley Ann Jackson , African American physicist August 11 – Marilyn vos Savant , American polymath September 7 – Francisco Varela , Chilean-born biologist and philosopher September 8 – Aziz Sancar , Turkish biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry September 28 – Morinobu Endo , Japanese chemist October 14 – Kay Redfield Jamison , American clinical psychologist October 17 – Carol Dweck , American social psychologist December 31 – Roy Porter , English medical historian Faiza Al-Kharafi , Kuwaiti electrochemistDeaths March 8 – Frederick W. Lanchester, English automotive engineer . March 23 – Gilbert N. Lewis, American chemist; first to isolate deuterium . March 26 – Gerhard Heilman , Danish paleo-ornithologist. May 2 – Simon Flexner , American pathologist and bacteriologist . June 14 – John Logie Baird , Scottish-born inventor . August 13 – H. G. Wells, English novelist and scientific populariser. September 16 – James Jeans , English mathematician and scientist . October 2 – Ignacy Mościcki , chemist and President of Poland . October 4 – Barney Oldfield , American automobile racer . December 2 – Hilda Lyon , English aeronautical engineer . Israel Aharoni , Russian-born Jewish zoologist .
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