1949 in India

Incumbents

• King of India – George VI
• Governor-General of the Union of India – C. Rajagopalachari
• Prime Minister of India – Jawaharlal Nehru

  Events

• 1 January – After eight months of fighting between the Indian forces and the Pakistan Army agreed to a ceasefire, ordered by the United Nations Security Council, takes effect in Kashmir region.
• 1 January – The Reserve Bank of India was nationalised.
• 28 April – India issues the London Declaration, enabling it to remain in the British Commonwealth despite becoming a republic, creating the position of 'Head of the Commonwealth', and renaming the organisation as the 'Commonwealth of Nations'.
• 6 June – With the passage of the Bodh Gaya Temple Act by the Indian government, Mahabodhi Temple is restored to partial Buddhist control.
• 27 July – India and Pakistan sign the Karachi Agreement
• 9 September – Queen Kanchanprabha Devi signs the Tripura Merger Agreement
• 15 October – Tripura becomes a part of the Union of India
• 15 November – Nathuram Godse and Narayan Apte executed for assassinating Mahatma Gandhi.
• 26 November – New constitution is adopted by the Indian Constituent Assembly.
• 28 December – Central Reserve Police Force Act enacted.

  Births

• 13 January – Rakesh Sharma, Indian Air Force pilot and cosmonaut
• 7 March – Ghulam Nabi Azad, politician
• 4 April – Parveen Babi, actress
• 1 June - T. M. Abraham, Theatre director.
• 30 October – Pramod Mahajan, politician.
• 12 December – Gopinath Munde, politician

  Deaths

• 10 April – Birbal Sahni, paleobotanist.
• 19 June – Syed Zafarul Hasan, Muslim philosopher.
• 15 November – Narayan Apte, accomplice in assassination of Mahatma Gandhi, executed.
• 15 November – Nathuram Godse, assassin of Mahatma Gandhi, executed.