1956 in the United Kingdom

Incumbents

• Monarch – Elizabeth II
• Prime Minister – Anthony Eden
• Parliament – 41st

  Events

• 1 January – Possession of heroin becomes fully criminalised.
• 4 January – Eight months after winning the general election and barely a year after becoming Prime Minister, Anthony Eden's position is looking under threat as opinion polls show Labour are in the lead.
• 24 January – Plans are announced for the construction of thousands of new homes in the Barbican area of London, devastated by the Luftwaffe during the Second World War.
• 26 January–5 February – Great Britain and Northern Ireland compete at the Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy, but do not win any medals.
• February – Release of Shirley Bassey's first single, Burn My Candle .
• 5 February – First showing of documentary films by the Free Cinema movement, at the National Film Theatre, London.
• 8 February – The first AEC Routemaster bus in London starts public service, on route 2.
• 11 February – Two of the "Cambridge spies", Guy Burgess and Donald Maclean, appear in Moscow after vanishing as diplomats in mysterious circumstances in 1951.
• 12 February – Double yellow lines to prohibit parking introduced in Slough.
• 23 February – A fire at Eastwood Mills, Keighley, West Yorkshire, kills eight employees.
• 9 March – Archbishop Makarios is deported from Cyprus to the Seychelles by the British authorities.
• 14 March – A memorial to Karl Marx is unveiled at the new site of his grave in Highgate Cemetery, London, by Harry Pollitt, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Great Britain.
• 24 March – In the Grand National, Devon Loch, owned by Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and ridden by Dick Francis, is in a clear lead when he inexplicably collapses fifty yards from the finish, giving victory to E.S.B. at 100/7, ridden by Dave Dick and trained by Fred Rimell. Stan Mellor is the second placed jockey.
• 7 April – Manchester United, with an average team age of just 24, win the Football League First Division title.
• 17 April
• * In his Budget speech, Chancellor of the Exchequer Harold Macmillan announces the launch of Premium Bonds, which will go on sale on 1 November, with a £1,000 prize available from the first draw in June next year.
• * Chew Valley Lake in Somerset is inaugurated as a reservoir for the Bristol area by the Queen.
• 19 April – Diver Lionel Crabb dives into Portsmouth Harbour to investigate visiting Soviet cruiser Ordzhonikidze and vanishes during a state visit by Nikita Khrushchev and Nikolai Bulganin. On 9 May Anthony Eden, who had refused permission for the operation, makes a statement refusing to reveal any details surrounding the mystery of Crabb's disappearance.
• 20 April – Humphrey Lyttelton and his band record his trad jazz composition Bad Penny Blues in London with sound engineer Joe Meek. This will be the first British jazz record to get into the Top Twenty.
• 22 April – The 2i's Coffee Bar opens in Old Compton Street, Soho ; its basement rapidly becomes a pioneering venue for rock and roll music in Britain.
• 27 April – Doubts about the future of Anthony Eden as Prime Minister continue as his personal ratings in opinion polls remain low.
• 3 May – Granada Television launched with a base in Manchester.
• 5 May – Manchester City F.C. win the FA Cup with a 3–1 win over Birmingham City at Wembley Stadium. German-born goalkeeper Bert Trautmann plays through the game despite an injury 15 minutes from time diagnosed on 9 May as a broken neck.
• 7 May – Minister of Health Robin Turton, rejects a call for the government to lead an anti-smoking campaign arguing that no ill-effects has yet been proven.
• 8 May – First performance of John Osborne's play Look Back in Anger by the newly formed English Stage Company at the Royal Court Theatre. Alan Bates has his first major role as Cliff. The theatre's press release describes the dramatist as among the angry young men of the time.
• 9 May – The Gower Peninsula of Wales becomes the first area in the British Isles to be designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
• 1 June – Elsie Stephenson becomes founding Director of the Nurse Teaching Unit, University of Edinburgh, the first nurse teaching unit within a British university.
• 3 June
• * Third class accommodation on British Railways trains redesignated as second class.
• * Prime ministers Jawaharlal Nehru of India and Sidney Holland of New Zealand are made Freemen of the City of London.
• 4 July – The National Library of Scotland's first purpose-built premises are opened on George IV Bridge in Edinburgh.
• 5 July – Parliament passes the Clean Air Act in response to the Great Smog of 1952.
• 9 July – Mettoy introduce Corgi Toys model cars, manufactured in South Wales.
• 10 July – A private member's bill to abolish the death penalty is vetoed in the House of Lords; however, no capital punishment is carried out in the UK this year.
• 22 July – The first UK Albums Chart is published, in Record Mirror
• 26 July – Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser announces the nationalisation of the Suez Canal triggering the Suez Crisis.
• 27 July – First Berni Inn steakhouse opens in Bristol.
• 31 July – Jim Laker sets a record by taking 19 wickets in a first class cricket match, at Old Trafford in the fourth Test between England and Australia.
• 9 August–9 September – Art exhibition This Is Tomorrow, featuring principally the interdisciplinary ICA Independent Group, at the Whitechapel Art Gallery, London. Among the exhibits is Richard Hamilton's collage Just What Is It that Makes Today's Homes So Different, So Appealing?, considered to be one of the earliest works of pop art.
• 17 August – Scotland Yard are called to Eastbourne to investigate the activities of society doctor John Bodkin Adams. The case is reported around the world and press reports claim up to 400 patients may have been murdered.
• 4 September – Opening of the first Welsh-medium secondary school in Wales – Ysgol Glan Clwyd, Rhyl.
• 10 September – Guy Mollet visits London and proposes a merger of France and the United Kingdom. However, the idea is rejected by Anthony Eden.
• 12 September – Manchester United become the first English team to compete in the European Cup, a competition for the champions of domestic leagues across Europe, when they play the first leg of the preliminary round in Belgium and beat R.S.C. Anderlecht 2–0.
• 25 September – The TAT-1 transatlantic telephone cable between the UK and North America inaugurated.
• 26 September – Manchester United qualify for the first round of the European Cup in style with a 10-0 win over R.S.C. Anderlecht at Maine Road in the second leg of the preliminary round.
• 28 September – Eden considers allowing France to join the Commonwealth of Nations, but this idea is also rejected.
• 15 October – The RAF retires its last Lancaster bomber.
• 17 October – The Queen opens the world's first commercial nuclear power station at Calder Hall.
• 24 October – Protocol of Sèvres, a secret agreement between the UK, France and Israel allowing the latter to invade Sinai with the support of the two former governments. Eden subsequently denies existence of an agreement.
• 5 November – Long-running television programme What the Papers Say airs for the first time.
• 6 November – British and French forces seize control of two major ports in the Suez Canal in Egypt before declaring a ceasefire.
• 9 November – At the Lord Mayor's Show in London, the first AEC Routemaster forms part of the procession, advertised as "London's Bus Of The Future".
• 15 November – The Manchester Guardian calls for the resignation of Anthony Eden as Prime Minister, despite his improvement in opinion poll showings.
• 21 November – DIDO heavy water enriched uranium nuclear reactor opens at the Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell, Oxfordshire.
• 22 November–8 December – Great Britain and Northern Ireland compete at the Olympics in Melbourne, Australia, and win 6 gold, 7 silver and 11 bronze medals.
• 29 November – Petrol rationing introduced because of petrol blockades from the Middle East due to the Suez Crisis.
• 10 December – Cyril Norman Hinshelwood wins the Nobel Prize in Chemistry jointly with Nikolay Semyonov "for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions".
• 12 December – The Irish Republican Army launches its Border Campaign in Northern Ireland with co-ordinated attacks on official premises.
• 19 December
• * Six people die and several more are injured in car crashes caused by heavy fog in northern England.
• * Eastbourne GP Dr John Bodkin Adams is arrested for the murder of patient Edith Alice Morrell.
• 21 December – The Government of Northern Ireland under Basil Brooke uses the Special Powers Act to intern several hundred republican suspects without trial.
• 23 December – British and French troops withdraw from Suez under United Nations and United States pressure.
• 25 December – PG Tips launches its long-running ITV advertising campaign using a chimpanzees' tea party.
• 31 December – The Flanders and Swann revue At the Drop of a Hat opens in London.

  Undated

• Opening of the first Jewish seminary for Liberal and Reform Judaism in England – Leo Baeck College, as the Jewish Theological College of London at West London Synagogue; its first two students are Lionel Blue and Michael Leigh.
• Tesco opens its first self-service stores in St Albans and Maldon.
• The Collared dove first breeds in the UK.

  Publications

• Agatha Christie's Hercule Poirot novel Dead Man's Folly.
• Anthony Crosland's book The Future of Socialism.
• Gerald Durrell's memoir My Family and Other Animals.
• Ian Fleming's James Bond novel Diamonds Are Forever.
• William Golding's novel Pincher Martin.
• C. S. Lewis' novel The Last Battle.
• Rose Macaulay's novel The Towers of Trebizond.
• Nancy Mitford's book Noblesse Oblige: an Enquiry Into the Identifiable Characteristics of the English Aristocracy, illustrated by Osbert Lancaster.
• Samuel Selvon's novel The Lonely Londoners.
• Dodie Smith's children's novel The Hundred and One Dalmatians.
• Angus Wilson's novel Anglo-Saxon Attitudes.
• Colin Wilson's study The Outsider.
• The Movement's poetry anthology New Lines edited by Robert Conquest.

  Births

• 2 January – Storm Constantine, science fiction and fantasy author
• 4 January – Bernard Sumner, guitarist
• 6 January
• * Angus Deayton, actor and television presenter
• * Justin Welby, Archbishop of Canterbury
• 7 January – Johnny Owen, né Owens, Welsh bantamweight boxer
• 9 January – Imelda Staunton, actress
• 14 January – Ronan Bennett, Northern Irish writer
• 17 January – Paul Young, pop singer and guitarist
• 21 January – Ian McMillan, poet
• 29 January – Anton Otulakowski, footballer
• 31 January – John Lydon, punk rock singer-songwriter
• 2 February – Philip Franks, actor and director
• 4 February – Jon Walmsley, television actor and guitarist
• 12 February – Joe Dever, fantasy author
• 13 February – Peter Hook, bass guitar player
• 16 February – Paul Gilroy, academic
• 19 February – Dave Wakeling, rock singer-songwriter
• 22 February – Stuart Peach, Air Chief Marshal
• 24 February – Fiona Graham-Mackay, née Bain, portrait painter
• 25 February – Davie Cooper, Scottish footballer
• 7 March – Andrea Levy, novelist
• 11 March – Helen Rollason, née Grindley, television sports presenter
• 12 March – Steve Harris, bass guitar player, founding member of Iron Maiden
• 20 March – Catherine Ashton, Baroness Ashton of Upholland, politician
• 23 March
• * Andrew Mitchell, soldier and politician, Secretary of State for International Development
• * Jeremy Wade, biologist and author
• 19 April
• * Sue Barker, tennis player and television presenter
• * Anne Glover, Scottish biologist
• 25 April – Greg Richards, decathlete
• 26 April – Koo Stark, actress
• 14 May – Hazel Blears, politician
• 15 May – Kjartan Poskitt, author
• 18 May – John Godber, dramatist
• 24 May – Joe Casely-Hayford, fashion designer
• 6 June – Christopher Adamson, film actor
• 17 June – Andrew Bicknell, screen character actor
• 20 June – Simon Bryant, air marshal
• 15 July – Ian Curtis, post-punk singer-songwriter
• 19 July – Nikki Sudden, guitarist and singer-songwriter
• 26 July – Andy Goldsworthy, sculptor and photographer
• 8 August – Chris Foreman, rock guitarist
• 17 August – Dave Jones, footballer and manager
• 21 August – Kim Cattrall, screen actress
• 7 September – Robert Reed, Baron Reed of Allermuir, Scottish judge, President of the Supreme Court of the UK
• 14 September – Ray Wilkins, footballer and coach
• 18 September – Tim McInnerny, actor
• 29 September – Sebastian Coe, athlete, co-ordinator of London 2012 Olympic Games
• 1 October – Theresa May, British Conservative Party leader, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, MP for Maidenhead
• 20 October – Danny Boyle, film director
• 27 October – Hazell Dean, singer
• 30 October – Juliet Stevenson, actress
• November – Teresa Borsuk, architect
• 5 November – Rob Fisher, keyboardist and songwriter
• 8 November – Richard Curtis, screenwriter
• 23 November – Jimmy Hibbert, comedian and scriptwriter
• 26 November – John McCarthy, journalist and hostage
• 28 November – Lucy Gutteridge, film actress
• 19 December – Jimmy Cauty, electronic musician, graphic and performance artist
• 23 December – Dave Murray, guitarist
• 28 December – Nigel Kennedy, violinist
• 29 December – Fred MacAulay, Scottish comedian

  Deaths

• 13 January – Wickham Steed, journalist, editor and historian
• 14 January – Sheila Kaye-Smith, novelist
• 31 January – A. A. Milne, author
• 10 February – Hugh Trenchard, 1st Viscount Trenchard, marshal of the Royal Air Force
• 25 March – Robert Newton, film actor
• 30 March – Edmund Clerihew Bentley, writer
• 24 April – Henry Stephenson, character actor
• 29 April – Harold Bride, Titanic survivor
• 2 May – Violet Gibson, Irish-born attempted assassin
• 3 May
• * Rodney Collin, writer
• * Peter Watson, art collector and benefactor
• 17 May – Austin Osman Spare, magician
• 18 May – Maurice Tate, cricketer
• 20 May – Max Beerbohm, theatre critic
• 24 May – Martha Annie Whiteley, chemist and mathematician
• 6 June – Margaret Wycherly, actress
• 11 June – Frank Brangwyn, artist
• 22 June – Walter de la Mare, poet and fiction writer
• 28 June – Claud Schuster, 1st Baron Schuster, civil servant
• 11 July – Dorothy Wellesley, Duchess of Wellington, socialite, author, poet and literary editor
• 5 August – John Miller Andrews, second Prime Minister of Northern Ireland
• 19 August – Bernard Griffin, Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church; Archbishop of Westminster from 1943 until his death
• 6 September – Michael Ventris, co-decipherer of Linear B
• 22 September – Frederick Soddy, chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 17 October – Anne Crawford, film actress
• 22 October – Hannah Mitchell, socialist and suffragette
• 19 November – Francis L. Sullivan, actor
• 24 November – Sir Lionel Whitby, haematologist, clinical pathologist, pharmacologist and army officer
• 6 December – Helen Duncan, Scottish medium
• 9 December – Charles Joughin, Titanic survivor
• 16 December – Nina Hamnett, artist