1978 in the United Kingdom

Incumbents

• Monarch – Elizabeth II
• Prime Minister – James Callaghan
• Parliament – 47th

  Events

January

• 1 January – The otter becomes a protected species, ending hunting of it.
• 11 January – A North Sea storm surge ruins four piers in the UK: Herne Bay, Margate, Hunstanton and Skegness.
• 16 January – The firefighters strike ends after three months when fire crews accept an offer of a 10% pay rise and reduced working hours.
• 18 January – The European Court of Human Rights finds the United Kingdom government guilty of mistreating prisoners in Northern Ireland, but not guilty of torture.
• 30 January – Opposition leader Margaret Thatcher says that many Britons fear being "swamped by people with a different culture".
• 31 January – 18-year-old prostitute Helen Rytka is murdered in Huddersfield; she is believed to be the eighth victim of the Yorkshire Ripper.

  February

• 9 February – Gordon McQueen, 25-year-old Scotland central defender, becomes Britain's first £500,000 footballer in a transfer from Leeds United to Manchester United.
• 13 February –
• * Anna Ford becomes the first female newsreader on ITN.
• * An opinion poll conducted for the Daily Mail shows the Conservative opposition 11 points ahead of the Labour government, with an election due by October next year. The turnaround in fortunes for the Conservatives, who last month were narrowly behind Labour, is attributed to Margaret Thatcher's recent comments on immigration.
• 17 February – Twelve people are killed in the La Mon restaurant bombing.
• 18 February – Twenty suspects are arrested in connection with the La Mon restaurant bombing.
• 20 February – Severe blizzards hit the south west of England.

  March

• 8 March – The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy first broadcast by BBC Radio 4.
• 26 March – The body of 21-year-old prostitute and mother-of-two Yvonne Pearson, who was last seen alive on 21 January, is found in Leeds. The Yorkshire Ripper is believed to have been responsible.
• 30 March – Conservative Party recruit advertising agency Saatchi & Saatchi to revamp their image.

  April

• April – First official naturist beach opens at Fairlight Glen in Covehurst Bay near Hastings.
• 3 April – Permanent radio broadcasts of proceedings in the House of Commons begin.
• 6 April – State Earnings-Related Pension Scheme introduced.
• 23 April – Nottingham Forest win the Football League First Division title for the first time in their history. Their manager Brian Clough, who guided their East Midlands rivals Derby County to the title six years ago, becomes only the third manager in history to lead two different clubs to top division title glory; the others were Tom Watson with Sunderland and Liverpool before WWI, and Herbert Chapman with Huddersfield Town and Arsenal during the interwar years.

  May

• 4 May – Altab Ali is murdered in East London in a racially motivated attack which mobilises the British Bangladeshi community to protest.
• 6 May – Ipswich Town win the FA Cup for the first time by beating Arsenal 1–0 in the Wembley final.
• 10 May – Liverpool F.C. retain the European Cup with a 1–0 win over Club Brugge K.V., the Belgian champions, at Wembley Stadium.
• 16 May – 40-year-old prostitute Vera Millward is found stabbed to death in the grounds of the Manchester Royal Infirmary Hospital; she is believed to have been the tenth woman to die at the hands of the Yorkshire Ripper. Both of the victims killed outside Yorkshire have been killed in Manchester.
• 17 May – Charlie Chaplin's coffin, stolen 11 weeks previously, is found in a field about a mile away from the Chaplin home in Corsier near Lausanne, Switzerland.
• 25 May – Liberal Party leader David Steel announces that the Lib-Lab pact will be dissolved at the end of the current Parliamentary session by mutual consent, leaving Britain with a minority Labour government.
• 31 May – Labour wins the Hamilton by-election, retaining it in the face of a strong challenge from the Scottish National Party in that seat.

  June

• 1 June – William Stern is declared bankrupt with debts of £118 million, the largest bankruptcy in British history at the time.
• 3 June – Freddie Laker is knighted.
• 8 June – Naomi James becomes the first woman to sail around the world single-handedly.
• 13–16 June – The Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceaușescu and his wife Elena pay a state visit to the United Kingdom. He is made a Knight of the Order of the Bath, and she an honorary professor of the Polytechnic of Central London.
• 17 June – Media reports suggest that a general election will be held this autumn as the minority government led by James Callaghan and Labour appears to be nearing the end of its duration. Callaghan's chances of an election win are now looking brighter than they were four months ago, as the 11-point Conservative lead has evaporated.
• 19 June – Cricketer Ian Botham becomes the first man in the history of the game to score a century and take eight wickets in one innings of a Test match.
• 21 June
• * An outbreak of shooting between Provisional IRA members and the British Army leaves one civilian and three IRA men dead.
• * The Andrew Lloyd Webber musical Evita opens at the Prince Edward Theatre in London.

  July

• 6 July – Eleven people are killed in the Taunton train fire.
• 7 July – Solomon Islands are annexed to the Crown and become independent from the United Kingdom.
• 25 July
• * Louise Brown becomes the world's first human born from in vitro fertilisation, in Oldham.
• * Motability, a charity which provides cars to disabled people, founded.

  August

• 20 August – Gunmen open fire on an Israeli El Al airline bus in London.
• 25 August – U.S. Army Sergeant Walter Robinson "walks" across the English Channel in 11 hours 30 minutes, using homemade water shoes.

  September

• 7 September
• * Prime Minister James Callaghan announces that he will not call a general election for this autumn, and faces accusations from Tory leader Margaret Thatcher and Liberal leader David Steel of "running scared", in spite of many opinion polls showing that Labour could win an election now with a majority, safeguarding its place in government until 1983. Callaghan also announces that the Lib-Lab pact, formed 18 months ago when the government lost its majority, has reached its end.
• * Bulgarian dissident Georgi Markov is stabbed with a poison-tipped umbrella as he walks across Waterloo Bridge, London, probably on orders of Bulgarian intelligence; he dies 4 days later.
• 15 September – German terrorist Astrid Proll arrested in London.
• 19 September – British Police launch a massive murder hunt, following the discovery of the dead body of newspaper boy Carl Bridgewater at a farmhouse near Kingswinford in the West Midlands. Carl is believed to have been shot dead after disturbing a burglary at the property.
• 26 September – 23 Ford car plants are closed across Britain due to strikes.

  October

• 17 October – A cull of Grey seals in the Orkney and Western Islands reduced after a public outcry.
• 23 October – The government announces plans for a new single exam to replace O Levels and CSEs.
• 25 October – A ceremony marks the completion of Liverpool Cathedral, for which the foundation stone was laid in 1904.
• 27 October – Four people die and four others are wounded in a shooting spree which began in a residential street in West Bromwich and ends at a petrol station some 20 miles away in Nuneaton.
• 28 October – Barry Williams, aged 36, is arrested in Derbyshire and charged with the previous day's shootings following a high-speed police chase.

  November

• 3 November – Dominica gains its independence from the United Kingdom.
• 4 November – Many British bakeries impose bread rationing after a baker's strike led to panic buying of bread.
• 5 November – Rioters sack the British Embassy in Tehran.
• 10 November – Panic buying of bread stops as most bakers go back to work.
• 18 November – The British leg of the 1978 Kangaroo tour concludes with Australia winning the Ashes series by defeating Great Britain in the third and deciding Test match in Leeds.
• 20 November – Buckingham Palace announces that The Prince Andrew is to join the Royal Navy.
• 23 November – Pollyanna's nightclub in Birmingham is forced to lift its ban on black and Chinese revellers, after a one-year investigation by the Commission for Racial Equality concludes that the nightclub's entry policy was racist.
• 29 November – Viv Anderson, the 22-year-old Nottingham Forest defender, becomes England's first black international footballer when he appears in 1–0 friendly win over Czechoslovakia at Wembley Stadium – six months after he became the first black player to feature in an English league championship winning team and was also on the winning side in the final of the Football League Cup.
• 30 November – An industrial dispute closes down The Times newspaper.

  December

• Four men aged between 17 and 50 are charged with the murder of newspaper boy Carl Bridgewater at a farmhouse near Stourbridge in September this year. They are also accused of other armed robberies including a raid on a farmhouse near Halesowen and another at a Tesco supermarket on Birmingham's Castle Vale estate.
• 10 December – Peter D. Mitchell wins the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory".
• 14 December – The Labour minority government survives a vote of confidence.
• 21–22 December – The BBC was hit by a series of strikes. From Thursday 21 December, on television BBC One and BBC Two were taken off air, as the BBC members of the ABS union went on strike over pay. On Friday 22 December, the ABS union called its radio members out on strike, which led to the merging of BBC Radio 1, 2, 3 and 4 into a one national radio network, which from 4.00pm that Friday provided a management run schedule of news and music. With the strike called so close to Christmas, the BBC did not want their festive television programming to be interrupted, and so the BBC and ABS went to the government's conciliation service ACAS, and a deal was reached by 10.00pm on Friday 22 December, with the unions getting a 15% pay rise. BBC One and Two returned to normal service by lunchtime of Saturday 23 December, with all the BBC radio stations resuming normal programming at breakfast time of the same day.
• 23 December – The Marxist writer Malcolm Caldwell is shot dead in Cambodia shortly after meeting Pol Pot.

  Undated

• Inflation reaches a six-year low of 8.3%, although unemployment is at a postwar high of 1,500,000.
• West midlands motorcycle manufacturer Norton Villiers Triumph is liquidated.
• Concrete Cows first erected in Milton Keynes.
• Financially troubled carmaker Chrysler sells its European operations, including the former Rootes Group factories in Britain, to French carmaker Peugeot.

  Publications

• J. G. Farrell's novel The Singapore Grip.
• Ken Follett's novel Eye of the Needle.
• Graham Greene's novel The Human Factor.
• Ian McEwan's novel The Cement Garden.
• Iris Murdoch's novel The Sea, the Sea.

  Births

• 1 January – Alex Leigh, model
• 1 January – Phillip Mulryne, footballer
• 7 January – Dean Cosker, cricketer
• 17 January – Warren Feeney, footballer
• 13 January – Yiolanda Koppel, television presenter
• 12 February – Gethin Jones, Welsh rugby player and television host
• 20 February – Jakki Degg, model
• 16 March – Anneliese Dodds, politician
• 22 March – Samantha Judge, Scottish field hockey forward
• 31 March – Stephen Clemence, footballer
• 3 April – Matthew Goode, actor
• 7 April – Duncan James, actor and singer in boyband Blue
• 9 April – Rachel Stevens, singer
• 21 April – Carl Greenidge, cricketer
• 24 April – Beth Storry, field hockey goalkeeper
• 14 May – Emma Rochlin, Scottish field hockey defender
• 22 May – Katie Price, model and television personality
• 6 June – Carl Barât, singer and guitarist of rock band The Libertines
• 9 June – Matthew Bellamy, lead singer of rock band Muse
• 20 June – Frank Lampard, footballer
• 22 June – Dan Wheldon, race car driver
• 30 June – Romesh Ranganathan, comedian
• 23 July – Stuart Elliott, footballer
• 31 July – Justin Wilson, race car driver
• 19 August – Callum Blue, actor
• 27 August – Suranne Jones, actress
• 25 September – Jodie Kidd, model
• 7 October – Alison Balsom, classical trumpeter
• 25 October – Russell Anderson, footballer
• 26 October – Jimmy Aggrey, footballer
• 18 November – Damien Johnson, footballer
• 6 December – Jack Thorne, screenwriter and playwright

  Deaths

• 14 January – Harold Abrahams, athlete
• 18 January – Walter H. Thompson, Scotland Yard detective, bodyguard of Winston Churchill
• 22 January – Herbert Sutcliffe, cricketer
• 1 March – Paul Scott, novelist, playwright and poet
• 4 April – Sir Morien Morgan, aeronautics engineer
• 9 April – Sir Clough Williams-Ellis, architect
• 21 April – Sandy Denny, singer
• 16 May – Diana Hay, 23rd Countess of Erroll, noblewoman
• 18 May – Selwyn Lloyd, politician
• 7 June – Ronald George Wreyford Norrish, chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 23 July – Tommy McLaren, footballer
• 30 July – John Mackintosh, politician
• 31 July – Carleton Hobbs, actor
• 14 August
• *Nicolas Bentley, writer and illustrator
• *Norman Feather, nuclear physicist
• 19 August – Sir Max Mallowan, archaeologist, second husband of Agatha Christie
• 28 August – Robert Shaw, actor and novelist
• 7 September – Keith Moon, drummer
• 9 September – Hugh MacDiarmid, Scottish poet
• 15 September – Edmund Crispin, writer and composer
• 17 October – Alison Chadwick-Onyszkiewicz, mountain climber
• 28 October – Geoffrey Unsworth, cinematographer
• 23 December – Malcolm Caldwell, academic and writer