1991 population census in Bosnia and Herzegovina
The 1991 population census in Bosnia and Herzegovina was the last census of the population undertaken in the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina before the Bosnian War. It was conducted during the final week of March 1991. For the 1991 census there were 109 municipalities of which ten were part of Sarajevo.
Usage
As the next census of Bosnia and Herzegovina was not held until 2013, the 1991 census was used as the basis for institutionalized affirmative action practices in the country, which ensure equal or proportional representation of the country's "constituent peoples" in public institutions. Due to the ethnic cleansing campaigns that took place during the 1992 to 1995 war, the data for ethnicity was expected to be highly inaccurate.Overall
By municipality
;Absolute ethnic majority;Relative ethnic majority
| Municipality | Total | Muslims by nationality | Serbs | Croats | Yugoslavs | Other |
| Sarajevo | 527,049 | 259,470 | 157,143 | 34,873 | 56,470 | 19,093 |
| -Centar- | 79,286 | 39,761 | 16,631 | 5,428 | 13,030 | 4,436 |
| -Hadžići- | 24,200 | 15,392 | 6,362 | 746 | 841 | 859 |
| -Ilidža- | 67,937 | 29,337 | 25,029 | 6,934 | 5,181 | 1,456 |
| -Ilijaš- | 25,184 | 10,585 | 11,325 | 1,736 | 1,167 | 371 |
| -Novi Grad- | 136,616 | 69,430 | 37,591 | 8,889 | 15,580 | 5,126 |
| -Novo Sarajevo- | 95,089 | 33,902 | 32,899 | 8,798 | 15,099 | 4,391 |
| -Pale- | 16,355 | 4,364 | 11,284 | 129 | 396 | 182 |
| -Stari Grad- | 50,744 | 39,410 | 5,150 | 1,126 | 3,374 | 1,684 |
| -Trnovo- | 6,991 | 4,790 | 2,059 | 16 | 72 | 54 |
| -Vogošća- | 24,647 | 12,499 | 8,813 | 1,071 | 1,730 | 534 |
| Banovići | 26,590 | 19,162 | 4,514 | 550 | 1,928 | 436 |
| Banja Luka | 195,692 | 28,558 | 106,826 | 29,026 | 23,656 | 7,626 |
| Bihać | 70,732 | 46,737 | 12,689 | 5,580 | 4,356 | 1,370 |
| Bijeljina | 96,988 | 30,229 | 57,389 | 492 | 4,426 | 4,452 |
| Bileća | 13,284 | 1,947 | 10,628 | 39 | 222 | 448 |
| Bosanska Dubica | 31,606 | 6,440 | 21,728 | 488 | 1,851 | 1,099 |
| Bosanska Gradiška | 59,974 | 15,851 | 35,753 | 3,417 | 3,311 | 1,642 |
| Bosanska Krupa | 58,320 | 43,104 | 13,841 | 139 | 708 | 528 |
| Bosanski Brod | 34,138 | 4,088 | 11,389 | 13,993 | 3,664 | 1,004 |
| Bosanski Novi | 41,665 | 14,040 | 25,101 | 403 | 1,557 | 564 |
| Bosanski Petrovac | 15,621 | 3,288 | 11,694 | 48 | 366 | 225 |
| Bosanski Šamac | 32,960 | 2,233 | 13,628 | 14,731 | 1,755 | 613 |
| Bosansko Grahovo | 8,311 | 12 | 7,888 | 226 | 135 | 50 |
| Bratunac | 33,619 | 21,535 | 11,475 | 40 | 223 | 346 |
| Brčko | 87,627 | 38,617 | 18,128 | 22,252 | 5,731 | 2,899 |
| Breza | 17,317 | 13,079 | 2,122 | 851 | 1,001 | 264 |
| Bugojno | 46,889 | 19,697 | 8,673 | 16,031 | 1,561 | 927 |
| Busovača | 18,879 | 8,451 | 623 | 9,093 | 510 | 202 |
| Cazin | 63,409 | 61,693 | 778 | 139 | 430 | 369 |
| Čajniče | 8,956 | 4,024 | 4,709 | 5 | 77 | 141 |
| Čapljina | 27,882 | 7,672 | 3,753 | 14,969 | 1,047 | 441 |
| Čelinac | 18,713 | 1,446 | 16,554 | 76 | 377 | 260 |
| Čitluk | 15,083 | 111 | 19 | 14,823 | 17 | 113 |
| Derventa | 56,489 | 7,086 | 21,938 | 22,952 | 3,348 | 1,165 |
| Doboj | 102,549 | 41,164 | 39,820 | 13,264 | 5,765 | 2,536 |
| Donji Vakuf | 24,544 | 13,509 | 9,533 | 682 | 593 | 227 |
| Drvar | 17,126 | 33 | 16,608 | 33 | 384 | 68 |
| Foča | 40,513 | 20,790 | 18,315 | 94 | 463 | 851 |
| Fojnica | 16,296 | 8,024 | 157 | 6,623 | 407 | 1,085 |
| Gacko | 10,788 | 3,858 | 6,661 | 29 | 84 | 156 |
| Glamoč | 12,593 | 2,257 | 9,951 | 184 | 118 | 83 |
| Goražde | 37,573 | 26,296 | 9,843 | 80 | 789 | 565 |
| Gornji Vakuf | 25,181 | 14,063 | 110 | 10,706 | 158 | 144 |
| Gračanica | 59,134 | 42,599 | 13,558 | 132 | 1,530 | 1,315 |
| Gradačac | 56,581 | 33,856 | 11,221 | 8,613 | 1,436 | 1,455 |
| Grude | 16,358 | 4 | 9 | 16,210 | 5 | 130 |
| Han Pijesak | 6,348 | 2,543 | 3,674 | 7 | 68 | 56 |
| Jablanica | 12,691 | 9,099 | 504 | 2,291 | 581 | 216 |
| Jajce | 45,007 | 17,380 | 8,663 | 15,811 | 2,496 | 657 |
| Kakanj | 55,950 | 30,528 | 4,929 | 16,556 | 2,554 | 1,383 |
| Kalesija | 41,809 | 33,137 | 7,659 | 35 | 275 | 703 |
| Kalinovik | 4,667 | 1,716 | 2,826 | 17 | 46 | 62 |
| Kiseljak | 24,164 | 9,778 | 740 | 12,550 | 600 | 496 |
| Kladanj | 16,070 | 11,621 | 3,952 | 36 | 277 | 184 |
| Ključ | 37,391 | 17,696 | 18,506 | 330 | 579 | 280 |
| Konjic | 43,878 | 23,815 | 6,620 | 11,513 | 1,358 | 572 |
| Kotor Varoš | 36,853 | 11,090 | 14,056 | 10,695 | 745 | 267 |
| Kreševo | 6,731 | 1,531 | 34 | 4,714 | 251 | 201 |
| Kupres | 9,618 | 802 | 4,864 | 3,813 | 67 | 72 |
| Laktaši | 29,832 | 408 | 24,176 | 2,565 | 1,530 | 1,153 |
| Livno | 40,600 | 5,793 | 3,913 | 29,324 | 1,125 | 445 |
| Lopare | 32,537 | 11,990 | 18,243 | 1,263 | 583 | 458 |
| Lukavac | 57,070 | 38,080 | 12,169 | 2,159 | 3,424 | 1,238 |
| Ljubinje | 4,172 | 332 | 3,748 | 39 | 19 | 34 |
| Ljubuški | 28,340 | 1,592 | 65 | 26,127 | 227 | 329 |
| Maglaj | 43,388 | 19,569 | 13,312 | 8,365 | 1,508 | 634 |
| Modriča | 35,613 | 10,375 | 12,534 | 9,805 | 1,851 | 1,048 |
| Mostar | 126,628 | 43,856 | 23,846 | 43,037 | 12,768 | 3,121 |
| Mrkonjić Grad | 27,395 | 3,272 | 21,057 | 2,139 | 593 | 334 |
| Neum | 4,325 | 190 | 207 | 3,792 | 90 | 46 |
| Nevesinje | 14,448 | 3,313 | 10,711 | 210 | 123 | 91 |
| Novi Travnik | 30,713 | 11,625 | 4,097 | 12,162 | 2,132 | 697 |
| Odžak | 30,056 | 6,220 | 5,667 | 16,338 | 1,147 | 684 |
| Olovo | 16,956 | 12,699 | 3,193 | 642 | 285 | 137 |
| Orašje | 28,367 | 1,893 | 4,235 | 21,308 | 626 | 305 |
| Posušje | 17,134 | 6 | 9 | 16,963 | 26 | 130 |
| Prijedor | 112,543 | 49,351 | 47,581 | 6,316 | 6,459 | 2,836 |
| Prnjavor | 47,055 | 7,143 | 33,508 | 1,721 | 1,757 | 2,926 |
| Prozor | 19,760 | 7,225 | 45 | 12,259 | 100 | 131 |
| Rogatica | 21,978 | 13,209 | 8,391 | 19 | 186 | 173 |
| Rudo | 11,571 | 3,130 | 8,150 | 5 | 106 | 180 |
| Sanski Most | 60,307 | 28,136 | 25,363 | 4,322 | 1,247 | 1,239 |
| Skender Vakuf | 19,418 | 1,071 | 13,263 | 4,770 | 169 | 145 |
| Sokolac | 14,883 | 4,493 | 10,195 | 19 | 83 | 93 |
| Srbac | 21,840 | 940 | 19,382 | 140 | 811 | 567 |
| Srebrenica | 36,666 | 27,572 | 8,315 | 38 | 380 | 361 |
| Srebrenik | 40,896 | 30,528 | 5,308 | 2,752 | 1,203 | 1,105 |
| Stolac | 18,681 | 8,101 | 3,917 | 6,188 | 307 | 168 |
| Šekovići | 9,629 | 326 | 9,030 | 10 | 129 | 134 |
| Šipovo | 15,579 | 2,965 | 12,333 | 31 | 155 | 95 |
| Široki Brijeg | 27,160 | 9 | 148 | 26,864 | 20 | 119 |
| Teslić | 59,854 | 12,802 | 32,962 | 9,525 | 3,465 | 1,100 |
| Tešanj | 48,480 | 34,941 | 3,071 | 8,929 | 1,047 | 492 |
| Tomislavgrad | 30,009 | 3,148 | 576 | 25,976 | 107 | 202 |
| Travnik | 70,747 | 31,813 | 7,777 | 26,118 | 3,743 | 1,296 |
| Trebinje | 30,996 | 5,571 | 21,349 | 1,246 | 1,642 | 1,188 |
| Tuzla | 131,618 | 62,669 | 20,271 | 20,398 | 21,995 | 6,285 |
| Ugljevik | 25,587 | 10,241 | 14,468 | 56 | 290 | 532 |
| Vareš | 22,203 | 6,714 | 3,644 | 9,016 | 2,071 | 758 |
| Velika Kladuša | 52,908 | 48,305 | 2,266 | 740 | 993 | 604 |
| Visoko | 46,160 | 34,373 | 7,471 | 1,872 | 1,464 | 980 |
| Višegrad | 21,199 | 13,471 | 6,743 | 32 | 319 | 634 |
| Vitez | 27,859 | 11,514 | 1,501 | 12,675 | 1,377 | 792 |
| Vlasenica | 33,942 | 18,727 | 14,359 | 39 | 340 | 477 |
| Zavidovići | 57,164 | 34,198 | 11,640 | 7,576 | 2,726 | 1,024 |
| Zenica | 145,517 | 80,359 | 22,433 | 22,510 | 15,654 | 4,561 |
| Zvornik | 81,295 | 48,102 | 30,863 | 122 | 1,248 | 960 |
| Žepče | 22,966 | 10,820 | 2,278 | 9,100 | 546 | 222 |
| Živinice | 54,783 | 44,017 | 3,525 | 3,976 | 2,130 | 1,135 |
| Total | 4,377,033 | 1,902,956 | 1,365,104 | 763,254 | 242,682 | 104,439 |