19th United States Congress
The 19th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1825, to March 4, 1827, during the first two years of the administration of U.S. President John Quincy Adams. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Fourth Census of the United States in 1820. The Senate had a majority of Jackson Men, while the House had an Anti-Jackson majority.
Major events
- March 4, 1825: John Quincy Adams inaugurated as President of the United States
- October 26, 1825: The Erie Canal opened, providing passage from Albany, New York, to Buffalo and Lake Erie.
- July 4, 1826: Both Thomas Jefferson and John Adams died on the 50th Anniversary of America's Independence
Major legislation
Treaties signed
- November 7, 1825: Treaty of St. Louis: 1,400 Missouri Shawnees were forcibly relocated from Missouri to Kansas
- January 24, 1826: Treaty of Washington between the United States government and the Creek National Council, in which they ceded much of their land in Georgia
Party summary
Senate
House of Representatives
Leadership
Senate
- President: John C. Calhoun
- President pro tempore: John Gaillard, until December 4, 1825
- * Nathaniel Macon, from May 20, 1826
House of Representatives
- Speaker: John W. Taylor
Members
Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1826/1827; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1828/1829; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1830/1831.[List of [United States Senators from Alabama|Alabama]]
- 2. William R. D. King
- 3. Henry H. Chambers, until January 24, 1826
- * Israel Pickens, February 17, 1826 – November 27, 1826
- * John McKinley, from November 27, 1826
Connecticut">List of United States Senators from Connecticut">Connecticut
- 1. Henry W. Edwards
- 3. Calvin Willey, from May 4, 1825
Delaware">List of United States Senators from Delaware">Delaware
- 1. Thomas Clayton
- 2. Nicholas Van Dyke, until May 21, 1826
- * Daniel Rodney, November 8, 1826 – January 12, 1827
- * Henry M. Ridgely, from January 23, 1827
Georgia">List of United States Senators from Georgia">Georgia
- 2. Thomas W. Cobb
- 3. John Macpherson Berrien
Illinois">List of United States Senators from Illinois">Illinois
- 2. Jesse B. Thomas
- 3. Elias K. Kane
Indiana">List of United States Senators from Indiana">Indiana
- 1. James Noble
- 3. William Hendricks
Kentucky">List of United States Senators from Kentucky">Kentucky
- 2. Richard M. Johnson
- 3. John Rowan
Louisiana">List of United States Senators from Louisiana">Louisiana
- 2. Dominique J. Bouligny
- 3. Josiah S. Johnston
Maine">List of United States Senators from Maine">Maine
- 1. John Holmes
- 2. John Chandler
Maryland">List of United States Senators from Maryland">Maryland
- 1. Samuel Smith
- 3. Edward Lloyd, until January 14, 1826
- * Ezekiel F. Chambers, from January 24, 1826
Massachusetts">List of United States Senators from Massachusetts">Massachusetts
- 1. Elijah H. Mills
- 2. James Lloyd, died May 23, 1826
- * Nathaniel Silsbee, from May 31, 1826
Mississippi">List of United States Senators from Mississippi">Mississippi
- 1. David Holmes, until September 25, 1825
- * Powhatan Ellis, September 28, 1825 – January 28, 1826
- * Thomas B. Reed, from January 28, 1826
- 2. Thomas H. Williams
Missouri">List of United States Senators from Missouri">Missouri
- 1. Thomas H. Benton
- 3. David Barton
New Hampshire">List of United States Senators from New Hampshire">New Hampshire
- 2. Samuel Bell
- 3. Levi Woodbury, from March 16, 1825
New Jersey">List of United States Senators from New Jersey">New Jersey
- 1. Joseph McIlvaine, until August 19, 1826
- * Ephraim Bateman, from November 10, 1826
- 2. Mahlon Dickerson
New York">List of United States Senators from New York">New York
- 1. Martin Van Buren
- 3. Nathan Sanford, from January 14, 1826
North Carolina">List of United States Senators from North Carolina">North Carolina
- 2. John Branch
- 3. Nathaniel Macon
Ohio">List of United States Senators from Ohio">Ohio
- 1. Benjamin Ruggles
- 3. William Henry Harrison
Pennsylvania">List of United States Senators from Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania
- 1. William Findlay
- 3. William Marks
Rhode Island">List of United States Senators from Rhode Island">Rhode Island
- 1. James De Wolf, until October 31, 1825
- * Asher Robbins, from October 31, 1825
- 2. Nehemiah R. Knight
South Carolina">List of United States Senators from South Carolina">South Carolina
- 2. Robert Y. Hayne
- 3. John Gaillard, until February 26, 1826
- * William Harper, March 8, 1826 – November 29, 1826
- * William Smith, from November 29, 1826
Tennessee">List of United States Senators from Tennessee">Tennessee
- 1. John H. Eaton
- 2. Andrew Jackson, until October 14, 1825
- * Hugh Lawson White, from October 28, 1825
Vermont">List of United States Senators from Vermont">Vermont
- 1. Horatio Seymour
- 3. Dudley Chase
Virginia">List of United States Senators from Virginia">Virginia
- 1. James Barbour, until March 7, 1825
- * John Randolph, from December 26, 1825
- 2. Littleton W. Tazewell
House of Representatives
[List of [United States Representatives from Alabama|Alabama]]
- . Gabriel Moore
- . John McKee
- . George W. Owen
Connecticut">List of United States Representatives from Connecticut">Connecticut
- . John Baldwin
- . Noyes Barber
- . Ralph I. Ingersoll
- . Orange Merwin
- . Elisha Phelps
- . Gideon Tomlinson
Delaware">List of United States Representatives from Delaware">Delaware
- . Louis McLane
Georgia">List of United States Representatives from Georgia">Georgia
- . George Cary
- . Alfred Cuthbert
- . John Forsyth
- . Charles E. Haynes
- . James Meriwether
- . Edward F. Tattnall
- . Wiley Thompson
Illinois">List of United States Representatives from Illinois">Illinois
- . Daniel P. Cook
Indiana">List of United States Representatives from Indiana">Indiana
- . Ratliff Boon
- . Jonathan Jennings
- . John Test
Kentucky">List of United States Representatives from Kentucky">Kentucky
- . David Trimble
- . Thomas Metcalfe
- . Henry Clay, until March 6, 1825
- * James Clark, from August 1, 1825
- . Robert P. Letcher
- . James Johnson, until August 13, 1826
- * Robert L. McHatton, from December 7, 1826
- . Joseph Lecompte
- . Thomas P. Moore
- . Richard A. Buckner
- . Charles A. Wickliffe
- . Francis Johnson
- . William S. Young
- . Robert P. Henry, until August 25, 1826
- * John F. Henry, from December 11, 1826
Louisiana">List of United States Representatives from Louisiana">Louisiana
- . Edward Livingston
- . Henry H. Gurley
- . William L. Brent
Maine">List of United States Representatives from Maine">Maine
- . William Burleigh
- . John Anderson
- . Ebenezer Herrick
- . Peleg Sprague
- . Enoch Lincoln, until 1826
- * James W. Ripley, from September 11, 1826
- . Jeremiah O'Brien
- . David Kidder
Maryland">List of United States Representatives from Maryland">Maryland
- . Clement Dorsey
- . Joseph Kent, until January 6, 1826
- * John C. Weems, from February 1, 1826
- . George Peter
- . Thomas C. Worthington
- . John Barney
- . Peter Little
- . George E. Mitchell
- . John L. Kerr
- . Robert N. Martin
Massachusetts">List of United States Representatives from Massachusetts">Massachusetts
- . Daniel Webster
- . Benjamin W. Crowninshield
- . John Varnum
- . Edward Everett
- . John Davis
- . John Locke
- . Samuel C. Allen
- . Samuel Lathrop
- . Henry W. Dwight
- . John Bailey
- . Aaron Hobart
- . Francis Baylies
- . John Reed, Jr.
Mississippi">List of United States Representatives from Mississippi">Mississippi
- . Christopher Rankin, until March 14, 1826
- * William Haile, from July 10, 1826
Missouri">List of United States Representatives from Missouri">Missouri
- . John Scott
New Hampshire">List of United States Representatives from New Hampshire">New Hampshire
- . Ichabod Bartlett
- . Titus Brown
- . Nehemiah Eastman
- . Jonathan Harvey
- . Joseph Healy
- . Thomas Whipple, Jr.
New Jersey">List of United States Representatives from New Jersey">New Jersey
- . George Cassedy
- . Lewis Condict
- . Daniel Garrison
- . George Holcombe
- . Samuel Swan
- . Ebenezer Tucker
New York">List of United States Representatives from New York">New York
- . Silas Wood
- . Joshua Sands
- . Churchill C. Cambreleng
- . Jeromus Johnson
- . Gulian C. Verplanck
- . Aaron Ward
- . Bartow White
- . John Hallock, Jr.
- . Abraham B. Hasbrouck
- . James Strong
- . William McManus
- . Stephen Van Rensselaer
- . Henry Ashley
- . William Dietz
- . William G. Angel
- . Henry R. Storrs
- . Michael Hoffman
- . Henry Markell
- . John W. Taylor
- . Henry C. Martindale
- . Henry H. Ross
- . Nicoll Fosdick
- . Egbert Ten Eyck, until December 15, 1825
- * Daniel Hugunin, Jr., from December 15, 1825
- . Elias Whitmore
- . John Miller
- . Luther Badger
- . Charles Kellogg
- . Charles Humphrey
- . Dudley Marvin
- . Robert S. Rose
- . Moses Hayden
- . Timothy H. Porter
- . Parmenio Adams
- . Daniel G. Garnsey
North Carolina">List of United States Representatives from North Carolina">North Carolina
- . Lemuel Sawyer
- . Willis Alston
- . Richard Hines
- . John H. Bryan
- . Gabriel Holmes
- . Weldon N. Edwards
- . Archibald McNeill
- . Willie P. Mangum, until March 18, 1826
- * Daniel L. Barringer, from December 4, 1826
- . Romulus M. Saunders
- . John Long
- . Henry W. Connor
- . Samuel P. Carson
- . Lewis Williams
Ohio">List of United States Representatives from Ohio">Ohio
- . James Findlay
- . John Woods
- . William McLean
- . Joseph Vance
- . John W. Campbell
- . John Thomson
- . Samuel F. Vinton
- . William Wilson
- . Philemon Beecher
- . David Jennings, until May 25, 1826
- * Thomas Shannon, from December 4, 1826
- . John C. Wright
- . John Sloane
- . Elisha Whittlesey
- . Mordecai Bartley
Pennsylvania">List of United States Representatives from Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania
- . John Wurts
- . Joseph Hemphill, until 1826
- * Thomas Kittera, from October 10, 1826
- . Daniel H. Miller
- . James Buchanan
- . Samuel Edwards
- . Charles Miner
- . Philip S. Markley
- . Robert Harris
- . William Addams
- . Henry Wilson, until August 14, 1826
- * Jacob Krebs, from December 4, 1826
- . Samuel D. Ingham
- . George Wolf
- . George Kremer
- . Samuel McKean
- . Espy Van Horne
- . James S. Mitchell
- . John Findlay
- . James Wilson
- . John Mitchell
- . Alexander Thomson, until May 1, 1826
- * Chauncey Forward, from December 4, 1826
- . Andrew Stewart
- . Joseph Lawrence
- . James Allison, Jr., until August 26, 1825
- * Robert Orr, Jr., from October 11, 1825
- . James S. Stevenson
- . George Plumer
- . Patrick Farrelly, until January 12, 1826
- * Thomas H. Sill, from March 14, 1826
Rhode Island">List of United States Representatives from Rhode Island">Rhode Island
- . Tristam Burges
- . Dutee J. Pearce
South Carolina">List of United States Representatives from South Carolina">South Carolina
- . Joel R. Poinsett, until March 7, 1825
- * William Drayton, from May 17, 1825
- . James Hamilton, Jr.
- . Thomas R. Mitchell
- . Andrew R. Govan
- . George McDuffie
- . John Wilson
- . Joseph Gist
- . John Carter
- . Starling Tucker
Tennessee">List of United States Representatives from Tennessee">Tennessee
- . John Blair
- . John Cocke
- . James C. Mitchell
- . Jacob C. Isacks
- . Robert Allen
- . James K. Polk
- . Samuel Houston
- . John H. Marable
- . Adam R. Alexander
Vermont">List of United States Representatives from Vermont">Vermont
- . William C. Bradley
- . Rollin C. Mallary
- . George E. Wales
- . Ezra Meech
- . John Mattocks
Virginia">List of United States Representatives from Virginia">Virginia
- . Thomas Newton, Jr.
- . James Trezvant
- . William S. Archer
- . Mark Alexander
- . John Randolph, until December 26, 1825
- * George W. Crump, from January 21, 1826
- . Thomas Davenport
- . Nathaniel H. Claiborne
- . Burwell Bassett
- . Andrew Stevenson
- . William C. Rives
- . Robert Taylor
- . Robert S. Garnett
- . John Taliaferro
- . Charles F. Mercer
- . John S. Barbour
- . William Armstrong
- . Alfred H. Powell
- . Joseph Johnson
- . William McCoy
- . John Floyd
- . William Smith
- . Benjamin Estil
Non-voting members
- . Henry W. Conway
- . Joseph M. White
- . Austin E. Wing
Changes in membership
Senate
- replacements: 7
- * Anti-Jacksonian : 3-seat net gain
- * Jacksonian : no net change
- deaths: 4
- resignations: 6
- interim appointments: 4
- Total seats with changes: 13
House of Representatives
- replacements: 11
- * Anti-Jackson: 1 seat net gain
- * Jackson: 1 seat net loss
- deaths: 5
- resignations: 10
- contested election: 1
- Total seats with changes: 16
Committees
Senate
- Agriculture
- Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate
- Bankruptcy
- Claims
- Commerce
- Debt Imprisonment Abolition
- Distributing Public Revenue Among the States
- District of Columbia
- Engrossed Bills
- Finance
- Foreign Relations
- French Spoilations
- Georgia and the Creek Indians
- Indian Affairs
- Judiciary
- Manufactures
- Military Affairs
- Militia
- Naval Affairs
- Pensions
- Post Office and Post Roads
- Public Lands
- Roads and Canals
- Tariff Regulation
- Whole
House of Representatives
- Accounts
- Agriculture
- American Colonization Society
- Apportionment of Representatives
- Bills of Exchange
- Claims
- Commerce
- District of Columbia
- Elections
- Expenditures in the Navy Department
- Expenditures in the Post Office Department
- Expenditures in the State Department
- Expenditures in the Treasury Department
- Expenditures in the War Department
- Expenditures on Public Buildings
- Foreign Affairs
- Indian Affairs
- Judiciary
- Manufactures
- Military Affairs
- Military Pensions
- Naval Affairs
- Post Office and Post Roads
- Public Expenditures
- Public Lands
- Revisal and Unfinished Business
- Revolutionary Claims
- Rules
- Standards of Official Conduct
- Territories
- Ways and Means
- Whole
Joint committees
- Enrolled Bills
- The Library
- Police and Preservation of the Capital
Employees
Legislative branch agency">List of federal agencies in the United States#Legislative branch">Legislative branch agency directors
- Architect of the Capitol: Charles Bulfinch
- Librarian of Congress: George Watterston
Senate
- Chaplain: Charles P. McIlvaine, until December 12, 1825
- * William Staughton, elected December 12, 1825
- * William Ryland, elected December 8, 1826
- Secretary: Charles Cutts, until December 12, 1825
- * Walter Lowrie, elected December 12, 1825
- Sergeant at Arms: Mountjoy Bayly
House of Representatives
- Chaplain: Reuben Post
- Clerk: Matthew St. Clair Clarke
- Doorkeeper: Benjamin Birch
- Reading Clerks:
- Sergeant at Arms: John O. Dunn