1st East Riding Artillery Volunteers


The 1st East Yorkshire Artillery Volunteers was a part-time unit of Britain's Royal Artillery based in the East Riding of Yorkshire, which also contained sub-units from the North and West Ridings. Created during an invasion scare in 1859-1860, it survived to supply units to the later Territorial Force of the 20th century.

Early history

At times of national crisis volunteers were regularly called upon to defend the vulnerable harbours on the coast of East Yorkshire. At the time of the Jacobite rising of 1745, the Wardens and Brethren of Hull Trinity House formed four volunteer artillery companies, equipped with 20 nine-pounder cannon from a ship lying in Hull Roads. These were the first volunteer artillery units formed in Yorkshire, though there may have been others manning the cannon in the fort covering Bridlington harbour. The companies were stood down after the Jacobite defeat at Culloden.
During the French Revolutionary Wars, a mixed unit of infantry and artillery manned the fort at Bridlington harbour from 1794 until the Treaty of Amiens in 1802, and reformed when the peace broke down in 1803. The Bridlington Volunteer Artillery disbanded in 1814.

Volunteer Force

A number of new Artillery Volunteer Corps were formed in the East Riding during the first enthusiasm for the Volunteer Movement in 1859. The 1st Company East Yorkshire Artillery Volunteers formed at 'Burlington' under Captain Benjamin Blaydes Haworth of Haworth Hall, Dunswell, on 9 December 1859, and the 2nd Company at Hunmanby under Captain Cortis on 9 February 1860. On 11 May the following year the 1st and 2nd Companies combined to form the 1st Administrative Brigade of Yorkshire Artillery Volunteers, under the command of Haworth, with companies at Bridlington, Filey, Flamborough, Withernsea and Hornsea. The 2nd and 3rd North Riding AVCs, based on the coast at Whitby and Scarborough, and the 3rd West Riding AVC, based inland at York, were also included in the brigade, which had its headquarters at Scarborough. By 1872 it had assumed the following organisation:
The Commanding Officer of the brigade, Major Haworth was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel on 3 July 1861. Harcourt Vanden-Bempde-Johnstone, a former lieutenant in the 2nd Life Guards, was commissioned as Major of the brigade on 22 January 1863. The Adjutant, appointed on 15 January 1862, was Captain George Symons, who had won a Victoria Cross as a Sergeant in the Royal Artillery during the Crimean War.
Henry Willoughby, 8th Baron Middleton, was appointed Honorary Colonel of the 1st Administrative Brigade on 17 December 1862, and his son the Hon. Digby Willoughby,, a former captain in the Scots Fusilier Guards, was appointed second major on 30 July 1869. The 9th Baron later commanded the unit as Lt-Col, became Hon Col in turn on 29 May 1879, and held the post into the 20th century.

Reorganisation

The Volunteer Force was reorganised in 1880, and in April the administrative brigade was consolidated as the 2nd East Riding AVC, rapidly changing to 1st Yorkshire Artillery Volunteers, with the cumbersome subtitle of. The unit had the following organisation:
This was reduced to eight batteries in 1886, and seven by 1889. The unit was assigned to the Northern Division of the Royal Artillery in 1884, changing to the Western Division in 1889. The HQ moved to York in the 1880s, but returned to Scarborough by 1889. By 1893 the War Office Mobilisation Scheme had allocated the Garrison Artillery batteries to the Humber defences and its position battery of 40 Pounder RBL guns to the Western Counties Volunteer Field Brigade, which would concentrate around Guildford in the event of mobilisation. Volunteer Artillery units became part of the Royal Garrison Artillery in 1899 and in 1902 the unit was redesignated 1st East Riding of Yorkshire RGA when the divisional structure was abolished.

Territorial Force

With the creation of the Territorial Force by the Haldane Reforms in 1908, the RGA Volunteers were extensively reorganised. In the original plan, the 1st East Riding Artillery Volunteers would have formed two RGA units:
However, these plans were revised in 1910, so that the North and East Yorkshire portion of the proposed Durham and Yorkshire RGA instead joined the 2nd Northumbrian Brigade, Royal Field Artillery, providing the 3rd North Riding Battery at Scarborough and part of the brigade ammunition column.
The remainder of the 1st East Riding RGA, the batteries at York, became the West Riding Heavy Battery, RGA and its attendant ammunition column. This unit saw service during World War I and beyond, but no longer had any links with the East Riding.

Insignia

Around 1859–60 the 1st East Riding AVC wore an embroidered forage cap badge consisting of crossed cannons surmounted by a crown and with a scroll underneath bearing the word 'BURLINGTON'. Waistbelt clasps and enrolment medals bore the same badge with a wheel superimposed on the crossed guns. An alternative brass forage cap badge comprised a grenade, with the figure '1' superimposed on a Yorkshire Rose on the ball.

External sources