2008 Summer Paralympics
The 2008 Summer Paralympic Games, the 13th Paralympics, took place in Beijing, China from September 6 to 17, 2008. As with the 2008 Summer Olympics, equestrian events were held in Hong Kong and sailing events in Qingdao.
3,951 athletes from 146 countries took part, the largest number of nations ever. Five countries competed for the first time. As host country, China fielded more athletes than any other country. The slogan for the 2008 Paralympics was the same as the 2008 Summer Olympics, "One World, One Dream". China dominated the medal count, finishing with 89 gold medals and 211 total medals, more than double the next-ranked NPC in both cases.
339 Paralympic records and 279 world records were broken.
International Paralympic Committee President Philip Craven declared the Games "the greatest Paralympic Games ever."
Beijing has been selected to host the 2022 Winter Paralympics; it would then become the first city ever to host both a Summer and Winter Games.
Venues
Nineteen competition venues were selected—seventeen in Beijing, one in Hong Kong, and one in Qingdao.- Beijing National Stadium
- Beijing National Aquatics Center
- Beijing National Indoor Stadium
- Fencing Gymnasium of Olympic Green Convention Centre
- Olympic Green Archery Field
- Olympic Green Hockey Field
- Olympic Green Tennis Centre
- Peking University Gymnasium
- Beihang University Gymnasium
- China Agricultural University Gymnasium
- Beijing Science and Technology University Gymnasium
- Beijing Institute of Technology Gymnasium
- Beijing Shooting Range Hall
- Laoshan Mountain Bike Course
- Workers Gymnasium
- Shunyi Olympic Rowing-Canoeing Park
- Triathlon Venue
- Hong Kong Equestrian Venues
- Qingdao International Sailing Centre
Symbols
Emblem
The Games's emblem, "Sky, Earth, and Human Beings", was unveiled in July 2004, a multicolored Chinese character "之" stylized as an athletic figure in motion. Its red, blue and green colors represent sun, sky and earth.Slogan
The slogan was the same as the 2008 Summer Olympics, "One World, One Dream"., mascot of the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Mascots
The mascot was a cartoon cow named Fu Niu Lele, roughly meaning "Lucky Ox 'Happy'".Theme song
The theme song was "Flying with the Dream". It was performed by Chinese-Tibetan singer Han Hong and Hong Kong singer and actor Andy Lau.Torch relay
The torch relay of the 2008 Summer Paralympics started from Tian Tan on August 28. The flame then gathered before The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests and followed two routes. Both routes returned to Beijing on September 5, and the torch was flamed at the National Stadium during the Opening Ceremony on September 6.The Games
Opening ceremony
The opening ceremony took place on September 6, 2008. The pre-ceremony performance was a succession of various musical performances, ranging from military music to folk music and a performance of Ode to Joy. Following a countdown, a fireworks display signalled the beginning of the ceremony proper. The national flag of China was then raised, in accordance with usual protocol, and the national anthem of China performed. Performers wearing suits in bright colours paraded round the stadium, as a welcoming ceremony preceding the athletes' entry. As with the 2008 Summer Olympics, the ceremony included a parade of nations, with a flag bearer for each national team. Contrary to Olympic tradition, the national team of Greece did not enter first, as the Paralympic Games traces its roots to Stoke Mandeville rather than Olympia; the host country, as is customary in both Olympic and Paralympic Games, came last. As Chinese is written in characters and not letters, the order of the teams' entry was determined by the number of strokes in the first character of their respective countries' Simplified Chinese names. Countries with the same number of strokes in the first character are sorted by those of the next character. This made Guinea the first country to enter as it takes two strokes to write the first character in the country's name. Following the athletes' parade, a performance took place, divided into chapters and sub-chapters entitled the "Journey of Space" and "Journey of Life" The sunbird performance entailed Yang Haitao, a singer with a visual impairment, singing about dreams while an acrobat in sunbird costume descended in simulated flight from the air and "awakened the blind singer from his sleep". The ceremony concludes with Hou Bin, the first Chinese paralympian to be three-time champion consecutively in the same event, lifted himself and his wheelchair up on a rope by strength of arms to the top of Beijing National Stadium, where he lit the cauldron to mark the beginning of the Games.Closing ceremony
The 2008 Summer Paralympics closing ceremony was held at the Beijing National Stadium. It began at 8:00 pm China Standard Time on September 17, 2008.Sports
Twenty sports were on the program:- Archery
- Athletics
- Boccia
- Cycling
- Equestrian
- Football 5-a-side
- Football 7-a-side
- Goalball
- Judo
- Powerlifting
- Rowing
- Sailing
- Shooting
- Swimming
- Table tennis
- Volleyball
- Wheelchair basketball
- Wheelchair fencing
- Wheelchair rugby
- Wheelchair tennis
Calendar
Participating NPCs
The following National Paralympic Committees sent delegations to compete. Macau and the Faroe Islands are members of the International Paralympic Committee, but not of the International Olympic Committee; hence they participate in the Paralympic Games but not in the Olympics.Burundi, Gabon, Georgia, Haiti and Montenegro participated in the Paralympics for the first time.
Botswana was due to take part, but its single athlete, defending Paralympic champion sprinter Tshotlego Morama, withdrew prior to the Games due to injury. The country's last-minute attempt to field other athletes in her place was rejected, as they did not meet the requirement of having participated in international events.
Medal count
Events highlights
International [television]
- – Australian Broadcasting Corporation 's ABC Television provided coverage on ABC Australian National Television's ABN-2.
- – SporTV2 and Terra Networks.
- – Canadian Broadcasting Corporation in English and Société Radio Canada in French.
- – Chinese Central Television provided coverage on CCTV-1, CCTV-5 and CCTV-7 as all direct live telecast transmission.
- – Eurosport
- – NHK's NHK General TV provided coverage on JOAK-1
- – AZTV
- – NRK
- – Sveriges Television
- – TRT
- – Universal Sports, an online subsidiary of NBC Universal, provided live streaming of selected Paralympic Games events.
- – BBC provided extensive coverage on BBC Television's BBC One.
While the Games were not broadcast live in the United States, NBC broadcast a documentary featuring highlights and athlete profiles on November 9, 2008, followed by a week-long series of coverage shown by Universal Sports beginning the day after.