The 2011 Duhok riots refers to riots which began on December 2, 2011 in the Duhok Governorate, Iraq. They were instigated by Friday prayers' sermons by Ismail Osman Sindai, a radical Kurdishimam, calling for attacks against stores selling alcohol and massage parlours in Zakho. The riots soon developed into the looting and burning down of Assyrian- and Yazidi-owned properties in other towns in the governorate, causing four million dollars of damage. The riots ended after Kurdistan Regional Governmentsecurity forces intervened and began a massive crackdown on demonstrators. As a result of the riots, a group of secular Kurds attacked a number of buildings belonging to the Kurdistan Islamic Union party.
Background
Assyrian personalities in the region had been wary of the changes of the Arab Spring, particularity the rise of radical Islamism. The riots started in Zakho, the northern most town of Iraq, located close to the Turkish border. The town has a majority Kurdish population with a sizeable Assyrian and Yazidi minority.
Friday events
The small riots were instigated by Friday sermons in the northern city of Zakho after Muslim clerics called for the destruction of stores that sold alcohol in the city on December 2, 2011. Angry youth mobs attacked Assyrian- and Yazidi-owned businesses such as stores, hotels, casinos, and massage parlors in the northern town of Zakho. The violence spilled into nearby towns of Duhok and Semel. Many Assyrian social clubs and homes were also attacked throughout the province. Angry Kurdish pro-government supporters that belonged to the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan and Kurdistan Democratic Party suspected Muslim Brotherhood-inspired Kurdistan Islamic Union clerics to be behind the violence and attacked offices of the Islamic party in Duhok and Erbil overnight. However, in an official statement, the KIU denied any connections to the riots. The riots ended three days later with the strong response from the Kurdistan Regional Government.
Targets
Riots began in Zakho but quickly expanded to Semel, Duhok and surrounding Assyrian villages.
30 stores that sold alcohol, 4 hotels, 1 massage parlor, a number of hair salons, cafeterias, and a Catholic diocese in Zakho.
The Assyrian Nohadra Social Club in Duhok was attacked by a mob of 200 people, causing damage worth 50,000 dollars
The Yazidi Health Club in Duhok
The Wan Restaurant in Semel
A bar and a tourist hotel in Zawita that led to the arrest of 32 people.
A group of 100 local Islamists attacked the Assyrian Saint Daniel Church and many Christian homes in Mansouriyah early in the morning. Locals claim young students were instigated by teachers.