28th United States Congress

Major events

• May 24, 1844: The first electrical telegram was sent by Samuel F. B. Morse from the U.S. Capitol to the B&O Railroad "outer depot" in Baltimore, Maryland, saying "What hath God wrought".
• December 4, 1844: U.S. presidential election, 1844: James K. Polk defeated Henry Clay

  Major legislation

• January 23, 1845: Presidential Election Day Act, ch. 1,
• March 3, 1845: For the first time, Congress overrode a Presidential veto. An act relating to revenue cutters and steamers was thereby enacted as the last Act of the 28th Congress: session II, ch. 78,.

  Treaties

• July 3, 1844: Treaty of Wanghia signed

  States admitted

• March 1, 1845: Resolution for the Annexation of Texas,
• March 3, 1845: Florida admitted,. The statute also allowed for the provisional admission of Iowa, pending a referendum in that state.

  Party summary

Senate

House of Representatives

Leadership

Senate

• President: Vacant
• President pro tempore: Willie P. Mangum

  House of Representatives

• Speaker: John W. Jones

  Members

Senate

[List of [United States Senators from Alabama|Alabama]]

• 2. William R. D. King, until April 15, 1844
• * Dixon H. Lewis, from April 22, 1844
• 3. Arthur P. Bagby

  [List of [United States Senators from Arkansas|Arkansas]]

• 2. William S. Fulton, until August 15, 1844
• * Chester Ashley, from November 8, 1844
• 3. Ambrose H. Sevier

  Connecticut">List of United States Senators from Connecticut">Connecticut

• 1. Jabez W. Huntington
• 3. John M. Niles

  Delaware">List of United States Senators from Delaware">Delaware

• 1. Richard H. Bayard
• 2. Thomas Clayton

  Florida">List of United States Senators from Florida">Florida

• 1: Vacant from March 3, 1845 admission
• 2: Vacant from March 3, 1845 admission

  Georgia">List of United States Senators from Georgia">Georgia

• 2. John MacPherson Berrien
• 3. Walter T. Colquitt

  Illinois">List of United States Senators from Illinois">Illinois

• 2. Samuel McRoberts, until March 27, 1843
• * James Semple, from December 4, 1843
• 3. Sidney Breese

  Indiana">List of United States Senators from Indiana">Indiana

• 1. Albert S. White
• 3. Edward A. Hannegan

  Kentucky">List of United States Senators from Kentucky">Kentucky

• 2. James T. Morehead
• 3. John J. Crittenden

  Louisiana">List of United States Senators from Louisiana">Louisiana

• 2. Alexander Barrow
• 3. Alexander Porter, until January 13, 1844
• * Henry Johnson, from February 12, 1844

  Maine">List of United States Senators from Maine">Maine

• 1. John Fairfield, from December 4, 1843
• 2. George Evans

  Maryland">List of United States Senators from Maryland">Maryland

• 1. William D. Merrick
• 3. James A. Pearce

  Massachusetts">List of United States Senators from Massachusetts">Massachusetts

• 1. Rufus Choate
• 2. Isaac C. Bates

  Michigan">List of United States Senators from Michigan">Michigan

• 1. Augustus S. Porter
• 2. William Woodbridge

  Mississippi">List of United States Senators from Mississippi">Mississippi

• 1. John Henderson
• 2. Robert J. Walker

  Missouri">List of United States Senators from Missouri">Missouri

• 1. Thomas H. Benton
• 3. Lewis F. Linn, until October 3, 1843
• * David R. Atchison, from October 14, 1843

  New Hampshire">List of United States Senators from New Hampshire">New Hampshire

• 2. Levi Woodbury
• 3. Charles G. Atherton

  New Jersey">List of United States Senators from New Jersey">New Jersey

• 1. William L. Dayton
• 2. Jacob W. Miller

  New York">List of United States Senators from New York">New York

• 1. Nathaniel P. Tallmadge, until June 17, 1844
• * Daniel S. Dickinson, from November 30, 1844
• 3. Silas Wright, Jr., until November 26, 1844
• * Henry A. Foster, November 30, 1844 – January 27, 1845
• * John A. Dix, from January 27, 1845

  North Carolina">List of United States Senators from North Carolina">North Carolina

• 2. Willie P. Mangum
• 3. William H. Haywood, Jr.

  Ohio">List of United States Senators from Ohio">Ohio

• 1. Benjamin Tappan
• 3. William Allen

  Pennsylvania">List of United States Senators from Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania

• 1. Daniel Sturgeon
• 3. James Buchanan

  Rhode Island">List of United States Senators from Rhode Island">Rhode Island

• 1. William Sprague, until January 17, 1844
• * John B. Francis, from January 25, 1844
• 2. James F. Simmons

  South Carolina">List of United States Senators from South Carolina">South Carolina

• 2. Daniel E. Huger, until March 3, 1845
• 3. George McDuffie

  Tennessee">List of United States Senators from Tennessee">Tennessee

• 1. Ephraim H. Foster, from October 17, 1843
• 2. Spencer Jarnagin, from October 17, 1843

  Vermont">List of United States Senators from Vermont">Vermont

• 1. Samuel S. Phelps
• 3. William Upham

  Virginia">List of United States Senators from Virginia">Virginia

• 1. William C. Rives
• 2. William S. Archer

House of Representatives

[List of [United States Representatives from Alabama|Alabama]]

• . James Dellet
• . James E. Belser
• . Dixon H. Lewis, until April 22, 1844
• * William L. Yancey, from December 2, 1844
• . William W. Payne
• . George S. Houston
• . Reuben Chapman
• . Felix G. McConnell

  Arkansas">List of United States Representatives from Arkansas">Arkansas

• . Edward Cross

  Connecticut">List of United States Representatives from Connecticut">Connecticut

• . Thomas H. Seymour
• . John Stewart
• . George S. Catlin
• . Samuel Simons

  Delaware">List of United States Representatives from Delaware">Delaware

• . George B. Rodney

  Florida">List of United States Representatives from Florida">Florida

• : Vacant from March 3, 1845 admission

  Georgia">List of United States Representatives from Georgia">Georgia

• . Edward J. Black
• . Howell Cobb
• . Mark A. Cooper, until June 26, 1843
• * Alexander H. Stephens, from October 2, 1843
• . Hugh A. Haralson
• . John B. Lamar, until July 29, 1843
• * Absalom H. Chappell, from October 2, 1843
• . John H. Lumpkin
• . John Millen, until October 15, 1843
• * Duncan L. Clinch, from February 15, 1844
• . William H. Stiles

  Illinois">List of United States Representatives from Illinois">Illinois

• . Robert Smith
• . John A. McClernand
• . Orlando B. Ficklin
• . John Wentworth
• . Stephen A. Douglas
• . Joseph P. Hoge
• . John J. Hardin

  Indiana">List of United States Representatives from Indiana">Indiana

• . Robert D. Owen
• . Thomas J. Henley
• . Thomas Smith
• . Caleb B. Smith
• . William J. Brown
• . John W. Davis
• . Joseph A. Wright
• . John Pettit
• . Samuel C. Sample
• . Andrew Kennedy

  Kentucky">List of United States Representatives from Kentucky">Kentucky

• . Linn Boyd
• . Willis Green
• . Henry Grider
• . George A. Caldwell
• . James W. Stone
• . John White
• . William P. Thomasson
• . Garrett Davis
• . Richard French
• . John W. Tibbatts

  Louisiana">List of United States Representatives from Louisiana">Louisiana

• . John Slidell
• . Alcée L. La Branche
• . John B. Dawson
• . Pierre E. J. B. Bossier, until April 24, 1844
• * Isaac E. Morse, from December 2, 1844

  Maine">List of United States Representatives from Maine">Maine

• . Joshua Herrick
• . Robert P. Dunlap
• . Luther Severance
• . Freeman H. Morse
• . Benjamin White
• . Hannibal Hamlin
• . Shepard Cary

  Maryland">List of United States Representatives from Maryland">Maryland

• . John M. S. Causin
• . Francis Brengle
• . John Wethered
• . John P. Kennedy
• . Jacob A. Preston
• . Thomas A. Spence

  Massachusetts">List of United States Representatives from Massachusetts">Massachusetts

• . Robert C. Winthrop
• . Daniel P. King
• . Amos Abbott
• . William Parmenter
• . Charles Hudson
• . Osmyn Baker
• . Julius Rockwell
• . John Quincy Adams
• . Henry Williams
• . Barker Burnell, until June 15, 1843
• * Joseph Grinnell, from December 7, 1843

  Michigan">List of United States Representatives from Michigan">Michigan

• . Robert McClelland
• . Lucius Lyon
• . James B. Hunt

  Mississippi">List of United States Representatives from Mississippi">Mississippi

• . William H. Hammett
• . Robert W. Roberts
• . Jacob Thompson
• . Tilghman M. Tucker

  Missouri">List of United States Representatives from Missouri">Missouri

• . Gustavus M. Bower
• . James B. Bowlin
• . James M. Hughes
• . John Jameson
• . James H. Relfe

  New Hampshire">List of United States Representatives from New Hampshire">New Hampshire

• . Edmund Burke
• . John P. Hale
• . Moses Norris, Jr.
• . John R. Reding

  New Jersey">List of United States Representatives from New Jersey">New Jersey

• . Lucius Q. C. Elmer
• . George Sykes
• . Isaac G. Farlee
• . Littleton Kirkpatrick
• . William Wright

  New York">List of United States Representatives from New York">New York

• . Selah B. Strong
• . Henry C. Murphy
• . J. Phillips Phoenix
• . William B. Maclay
• . Moses G. Leonard
• . Hamilton Fish
• . Joseph H. Anderson
• . Richard D. Davis
• . James G. Clinton
• . Jeremiah Russell
• . Zadock Pratt
• . David L. Seymour
• . Daniel D. Barnard
• . Charles Rogers
• . Lemuel Stetson
• . Chesselden Ellis
• . Charles S. Benton
• . Preston King
• . Orville Hungerford
• . Samuel Beardsley, until February 29, 1844
• * Levi D. Carpenter, from November 5, 1844
• . Jeremiah E. Cary
• . Smith M. Purdy
• . Orville Robinson
• . Horace Wheaton
• . George O. Rathbun
• . Amasa Dana
• . Byram Green
• . Thomas J. Paterson
• . Charles H. Carroll
• . William S. Hubbell
• . Asher Tyler
• . William A. Moseley
• . Albert Smith
• . Washington Hunt

  North Carolina">List of United States Representatives from North Carolina">North Carolina

• . Thomas L. Clingman
• . Daniel M. Barringer
• . David S. Reid
• . Edmund Deberry
• . Romulus M. Saunders
• . James I. McKay
• . John R. J. Daniel
• . Archibald H. Arrington
• . Kenneth Rayner

  Ohio">List of United States Representatives from Ohio">Ohio

• . Alexander Duncan
• . John B. Weller
• . Robert C. Schenck
• . Joseph Vance
• . Emery D. Potter
• . Henry St. John
• . Joseph J. McDowell
• . John I. Vanmeter
• . Elias Florence
• . Heman Allen Moore, until April 3, 1844
• * Alfred P. Stone, from October 8, 1844
• . Jacob Brinkerhoff
• . Samuel F. Vinton
• . Perley B. Johnson
• . Alexander Harper
• . Joseph Morris
• . James Mathews
• . William C. McCauslen
• . Ezra Dean
• . Daniel R. Tilden
• . Joshua R. Giddings
• . Henry R. Brinkerhoff, until April 30, 1844
• * Edward S. Hamlin, from October 8, 1844

  Pennsylvania">List of United States Representatives from Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania

• . Edward Joy Morris
• . Joseph R. Ingersoll
• . John T. Smith
• . Charles J. Ingersoll
• . Jacob S. Yost
• . Michael H. Jenks
• . Abraham R. McIlvaine
• . Jeremiah Brown
• . John Ritter
• . Richard Brodhead
• . Benjamin A. Bidlack
• . Almon H. Read, until June 3, 1844
• * George Fuller, from December 2, 1844
• . Henry Frick, until March 1, 1844
• * James Pollock, from April 5, 1844
• . Alexander Ramsey
• . Henry Nes
• . James Black
• . James Irvin
• . Andrew Stewart
• . Henry D. Foster
• . John Dickey
• . William Wilkins, until February 14, 1844
• * Cornelius Darragh, from March 26, 1844
• . Samuel Hays
• . Charles M. Reed
• . Joseph Buffington

  Rhode Island">List of United States Representatives from Rhode Island">Rhode Island

• . Henry Y. Cranston
• . Elisha R. Potter

  South Carolina">List of United States Representatives from South Carolina">South Carolina

• . James A. Black
• . Richard F. Simpson
• . Joseph A. Woodward
• . John Campbell
• . Armistead Burt
• . Isaac E. Holmes
• . Robert Rhett

  Tennessee">List of United States Representatives from Tennessee">Tennessee

• . Andrew Johnson
• . William T. Senter
• . Julius W. Blackwell
• . Alvan Cullom
• . George W. Jones
• . Aaron V. Brown
• . David W. Dickinson
• . Joseph H. Peyton
• . Cave Johnson
• . John B. Ashe
• . Milton Brown

  Vermont">List of United States Representatives from Vermont">Vermont

• . Solomon Foot
• . Jacob Collamer
• . George P. Marsh
• . Paul Dillingham, Jr.

  Virginia">List of United States Representatives from Virginia">Virginia

• . Archibald Atkinson
• . George C. Dromgoole
• . Walter Coles
• . Edmund W. Hubard
• . Thomas W. Gilmer, until February 16, 1844
• * William L. Goggin, from April 25, 1844
• . John W. Jones
• . Henry A. Wise, until February 12, 1844
• * Thomas H. Bayly, from May 6, 1844
• . Willoughby Newton
• . Samuel Chilton
• . William Lucas
• . William Taylor
• . Augustus A. Chapman
• . George W. Hopkins
• . George W. Summers
• . Lewis Steenrod

  Non-voting members

• . David Levy Yulee, until March 3, 1845
• . Augustus C. Dodge
• . Henry Dodge

Changes in membership

Senate

• replacements: 7
• * Democrats : no net change
• * Whigs : 1 seat net loss
• * Law and Order : 1 seat net gain
• deaths: 3
• resignations: 5
• interim appointments: 1
• Total seats with changes: 10

  House of Representatives

• replacements: 14
• * Democrats : 6 seat net loss
• * Whigs : 6 seat net gain
• deaths: 7
• resignations: 7
• contested election: 0
• Total seats with changes: 16

  Committees

Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

• Enrolled Bills
• The Library
• Smithsonian Bequest

  Employees

• Librarian of Congress: John Silva Meehan

  Senate

• Chaplain: Septimus Tustin
• Secretary: Asbury Dickins
• Sergeant at Arms: Edward Dyer

  House of Representatives

• Chaplain: Isaac S. Tinsley, elected December 16, 1843
• * William M. Daily, from December 4, 1844
• Clerk: Matthew St. Clair Clarke, until December 7, 1843
• * Caleb J. McNulty, elected December 7, 1843
• * Benjamin B. French, elected January 18, 1845
• Doorkeeper: Jesse E. Dow, elected December 7, 1843
• Postmaster: William J. McCormick, until January 4, 1844
• * John M. Johnson, from January 4, 1844
• Reading Clerks:
• Sergeant at Arms: Eleazor M. Townsend, until December 8, 1843
• * Newton Lane, from December 8, 1843