3000 Leonardo


3000 Leonardo, provisional designation, is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately in diameter. It was discovered on 2 March 1981, by American astronomer Schelte Bus at the Siding Spring Observatory in Australia. The B-type asteroid has a rotation period of 7.5 hours. It was named for the Italian polymath Leonardo da Vinci.

Orbit and classification

Leonardo is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 1.9–2.8 AU once every 3 years and 7 months. Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.18 and an inclination of 3° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with a precovery taken at the Goethe Link Observatory in December 1961, more than 19 years prior to its official discovery observation at Siding Spring.
In 1986, 3000 Leonardo was observed to be at its predicted location. It was one of 450 minor planets whose location was checked in a large observation campaign involving multiple sites and astronomers. 3000 Leonard was visually observed by Roger E. Harvey on August 30, 1986 with a 73 cm Newtonian telescope from eastern North America.

Name

This minor planet after the Italian polymath of the Renaissance Leonardo Da Vinci from Florence. He was a painter, sculptor, architect, musician, engineer and natural philosopher. The official was published by the Minor Planet Center on 29 September 1985. He is also honored by both a lunar and a Martian crater. The asteroid is one of several early "kilo-numbered" minor planets that were dedicated to renowned scientists or institutions including:
The sequence continues with the asteroids 5000 IAU, 6000 United Nations, 7000 Curie, and , while 9000 Hal and 10000 Myriostos were named based on their direct numeric accordance.
By 2001, 3000 Leonardo was one of 32 named minor planets named after painters and sculptors, and some other examples in this category include 3001 Michelangelo, 4221 Picasso, and 4457 van Gogh. Although these were classically named, the 1980s were a time of new concepts in naming, and it was a popular time to name minor planets after acronyms and one astronomer promoted more whimsical names including successfully naming one discovery after his pet. However, there was a backlash against naming asteroids after pets, and the IAU does not recommend minor planets be named after pets.
At the time of 3000 Leonardo's discovery and naming only a few thousand asteroids had been discovered and named, it would not be until the 1990s and early 2000s when there was a massive spike in asteroid discoveries, with the peak year up to the year 2010, being 2000. In the year 2000, over 40,000 minor planets were recorded, and in the years after many tens of thousands were discovered leading to almost 220,000 numbered minor planets by late 2009.

Physical characteristics

Leonardo was one of 1341 main-belt asteroids observed between 1993 and 1999 as part of Small Main-Belt Asteroid Spectroscopic Survey. In the SMASS taxonomy, it has a spectral type of a B-type asteroid, a "bright" carbonaceous body that is less common than the abundant C-type asteroids.

Rotation period

In October 2015, a rotational lightcurve of Leonardo was obtained from photometric observations by astronomers at the University of Maryland using a 0.43-meter telescope at Mayhill, New Mexico. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of hours with a brightness variation of 0.26 magnitude. The result supersedes a tentative period determination by astronomers at Lindby Observatory which gave a spin rate of 8.54 and an amplitude of 0.20 magnitude.

Diameter and albedo

According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Leonardo measures between 9.03 and 11 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.05 and 0.117.
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for a stony asteroid of 0.20 and consequently calculates a shorter diameter of 5.41 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 13.7.