3rd Cavalry Brigade (United Kingdom)


The 3rd Cavalry Brigade was a cavalry brigade of the British Army. It served in the Napoleonic Wars, in the Boer War, and in the First World War on the Western Front where it was initially assigned to The Cavalry Division before spending most of the war with the 2nd Cavalry Division.

History

Napoleonic Wars

From June 1809, Wellington organized his cavalry into one, later two, cavalry divisions for the Peninsular War. These performed a purely administrative, rather than tactical, role; the normal tactical headquarters were provided by brigades commanding two, later usually three, regiments. The cavalry brigades were named for the commanding officer, rather than numbered. For the Hundred Days Campaign, he numbered his British cavalry brigades in a single sequence, 1st to 7th. The 3rd Cavalry Brigade consisted of:
It was commanded by Major General Sir Wilhelm von Dörnberg.
The brigade took part in the Battle of Waterloo. During the battle, the 1st Light Dragoons, KGL suffered 154 casualties, the 2nd Light Dragoons, KGL 77 and the 23rd Light Dragoons 74. This represented a loss rate of about 22%.

Boer War

The brigade was reformed for the Boer War. During the Battle of Paardeberg, the brigade commanded:

World War I

Mobilization

3rd Cavalry Brigade was a peacetime formation of the British Army, based in Irish Command. At the outbreak of the war, it was headquartered at The Curragh and commanded the 4th Hussars, 5th Lancers, 16th Lancers, and 3rd Signal Troop, Royal Engineers. A number of units were attached to the brigade: the Newbridge-based III Brigade, RHA, 4th Field Troop, Royal Engineers and the South Irish Horse of the Special Reserve.
On mobilization, 3rd Cavalry Brigade Field Ambulance joined and the attached units departed. The brigade joined The Cavalry Division along with 1st, 2nd and 4th Cavalry Brigades and moved to France in August 1914.

Early Actions

With The Cavalry Division, the brigade took part in a number of actions during the early war of movement, notably the Battle of Mons and the Battle of Le Cateau. On 6 September, it joined the formerly independent 5th Cavalry Brigade in Gough's Command. As part of Gough's Command, it took part in the First Battle of the Aisne. On 13 September, Gough's Command was redesignated as 2nd Cavalry Division with the addition of divisional troops. It remained with 2nd Cavalry Division on the Western Front until the end of the war.

2nd Cavalry Division

In 1914, the brigade, with the division, took part in First Battle of Ypres, notably the battle of Gheluvelt. In 1915, the division was in action at the Battle of Neuve Chapelle and the Second Battle of Ypres notable the Battle of St Julien and the Battle of Bellewaarde Ridge.
On 29 February 1916, a Machine Gun Squadron was formed from the machine gun sections of the brigade's constituent regiments.
1916 saw no notable actions, but in 1917 the division saw action in the Battle of Arras. and the Battle of Cambrai. At other times, the brigade formed a dismounted unit and served in the trenches as a regiment under the command of the brigadier.

War of movement

1918 saw the return of the war of movement and the division took part in the First Battle of the Somme notably the Battle of St Quentin, the Battle of the Lys, the Battle of Amiens and the Second Battle of the Somme.
The division was then split up with the 3rd Cavalry Brigade serving initially with Third Army. The brigade took part in the battles of the Hindenburg Line, notably the Battle of the Canal du Nord and the Pursuit to the Selle. Its final action was to take part in the Advance in Picardy including the capture of Mons, still with First Army.

Armistice

At the Armistice, the brigade had reached Havré and St. Denis with First Army. On 15 November, the division was re-assembled near Maubeuge and ordered to advance into Germany as an advance screen for Fourth Army and form part of the Occupation Force. The move began on 17 November, Ciney and Rochefort were reached five days later.
In late December, the division moved to winter quarters south and south-east of Liège. It remained here until 30 January 1919 when it exchanged regiments with 1st and 3rd Cavalry Divisions then gradually moved back to England. The Division ceased to exist at midnight 31 March / 1 April 1919.

Units in WWI

UnitFromTo
4th HussarsMobilization
5th LancersMobilization
16th LancersMobilization
1/1st Leicestershire Yeomanry4 April 1918
D Battery, RHA17 September 1914
3rd Signal Troop, Royal EngineersMobilization
3rd Cavalry Brigade Field AmbulanceMobilization13 September 1914
3rd Cavalry Brigade Machine Gun Squadron, MGC29 February 1916

Commanders

The 3rd Cavalry Brigade had the following commanders during World War I:
FromRankName
MobilizationBrigadier-GeneralH. de la P. Gough
16 September 1914Brigadier-GeneralJ. Vaughan
16 October 1915Brigadier-GeneralJ.A. Bell-Smyth