The Division was formed in September 1965 from the VC 2nd Regiment which had been active in Bình Định Province since 1962 and the newly-arrived PAVN 18th and 22nd Regiments. On 18 September 1965 during the opening stage of Operation Gibralter, elements of the US 2nd Battalion, 502nd Infantry Regiment and an Army of the Republic of VietnamRanger company were landed in the training base of the Division's 95th Battalion. During the ensuing battle 226-257 PAVN soldiers were killed. The Division was the target of Operation Masher from 24 January to 6 March 1966. The Division's 22nd Regiment was the target of Operation Davy Crockett from 1 to 16 May 1966, losing 345 killed. The Division's 2nd Regiment was the target of Operation Crazy Horse from 16 May to 5 June 1966, losing 478 killed. The Division and local VC units in Bình Định Province were the target of Operation Thayer from 13 September 1966 to 12 February 1967, with a US body count of 2669 killed. By April 1967 US intelligence assessed the Division as being combat ineffective with prisoners reporting low morale, lack of food and medical supplies and lack of confidence in their leadership. The Division retreated from Bình Định Province and its commander, Col Le Truc was replaced by Col Vo Thu. The Division was the target of Operation Pershing from September 1967 to January 1968. From 6-11 December 1967 the Division's 22nd Regiment was defeated in the Battle of Tam Quan, losing 650 killed and 31 captured. On 23 January 1968 as the 2nd Regiment moved into a staging area several kilometers east of Phù Mỹ District in preparation for its Tet Offensive attacks, it was engaged by 2 Army of the Republic of Vietnam mechanized companies, losing 142 soldiers from the regiment’s 95th and 97th Battalions. The 2nd Regiment attacked Phù Mỹ on the night of 30/1 January but were driven back and then both the 2nd and 22nd Regiments attempted further attacks before withdrawing on 6 February after losing a further 200 killed. In an attack on An Nhơn District on 6 February, the 8th Battalion, 18th Regiment was repulsed losing 41 killed. From 1-30 March 1968 the Division was the target of Operation Patrick. In the Battle of An Bao from 5-6 May 1968 the Division's 2nd and 22nd Regiments ambushed the US 1st Battalion, 50th Infantry Regiment, losing 117 killed. In June 1968 one or more regiments of the Division moved north into Quảng Ngãi Province. During the Phase III Offensive the Division's 1st Regiment was sent to attack Quảng Ngãi, but were intercepted by US forces and after 4 days of fighting the 1st Regiment withdrew west to its mountain bases leaving 567 dead. In early 1972 the Division comprised of the 2nd, 12th and 21st Regiments. During the War of the flags in January/February 1973, two battalions of the Division's 12th Regiment supported the 2nd Division capture of Sa Huỳnh Base, while the rest of the Division attacked government outposts and attempted to prevent the deployment of the ARVN 22nd Division. By the end of the first week of February, the ARVN had reverted all PAVN gains. During the 1975 Spring Offensive the Division was tasked with cutting Route 19 east of the An Khê Pass to isolate the Central Highlands. After the fall of Ban Me Thuot the Division was ordered on 26 March to move east to the coast to attack the ARVN 22nd Division, however this attack was repulsed by the 42nd Regiment, 22nd Division. The Division then moved units around the 41st and 42nd Regiments by 31 March and the ARVN units disintegrated. On 4 April the Division joined the Coastal Column comprising the Division, 5th Armored Battalion and 2nd Corps which was tasked with moving down Highway 1 to overrun South Vietnamese positions and clear this logistics route. By 14 April the Division was engaging ARVN units defending the approaches to Phan Rang and by 16 April they had captured the city and its air base. On 26 April the Division split from the Coastal Column and attacked towards Vũng Tàu, with the 12th Regiment attacking south along Route 2, while the 141st Regiment supported by tanks attacked Bà Rịa. The initial assault on Bà Rịa was repulsed by ARVN Airborne when the tanks attacked without infantry support, however by 27 April the Division had captured Bà Rịa and the Airborne retreated across the Song Co May river. The Division resumed its assault at midnight on 28 April but was held up by a strong defense by the Airborne across the Song Co May. The Division's 12th Regiment was then landed by fishing boats behind the Airborne lines and this, together with a renewed attack by the 2nd Regiment, forced the Airborne to retreat into Vũng Tàu. At 01:30 on 30 April the Division began its attack on Vũng Tàu forcing the Airborne into the city center where they eventually succumbed at 11:00.
