41 BC

By place

Roman Republic

• Consuls: Lucius Antonius and Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus.
• Perusine War: An armed resistance breaks out across Italy; the Umbrian city of Sentinum is captured and destroyed by Quintus Salvidienus Rufus.
• Lucius Antonius occupies Perusia. He accepts the appeal of the local population. Lucius and Fulvia are defeated by Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian in the Battle of Perugia.

  Egypt

• Mark Antony meets Cleopatra VII in Tarsus and forms an alliance. He returns to Alexandria with her and they become lovers in the winter of 41-40 BC. To safeguard herself and Caesarion, she has Antony order the execution of her sister Arsinoe IV, who is living at the temple of Artemis in Ephesus.