431

By place

Roman Empire

• Flavius Aetius, Roman general, fights a campaign in Rhaetia and Noricum. He is attested in the city of Vindelicia, reestablishing Roman rule on the Danube frontier.
• Aetius pushes the Salian Franks back across the River Somme. King Chlodio signs a peace treaty and becomes a foederati of the Western Roman Empire.

  Africa

• Hippo Regius becomes the capital of the Vandal Kingdom. After 14 months of hunger and disease, the Vandals ravage the city. Emperor Theodosius II sends an imperial fleet with an army under command of Aspar, and lands at Carthage.
• Aspar is routed by the Vandals and Flavius Marcian, future Byzantine emperor, is captured during the fighting. He negotiates a peace with King Genseric and maintains imperial authority in Carthage.

  Mesoamerica

• K'uk' B'alam I, the first known ruler of the Mayan city of Palenque, comes to power.

  By topic

Arts and Sciences

• Greek Neoplatonist philosopher Proclus begins studying at the Academy in Athens.

  Religion

• June - First Council of Ephesus: Nestorianism is rejected, the Nicene creed is declared to be complete. Nestorius is deposed from his see.
• October 1 - Maximianus is enthroned as Patriarch of Constantinople.
• Pope Celestine I dispatches Palladius to serve as bishop to the Irish.