44 BC

By place

Roman Republic

• Consuls: Gaius Julius Caesar and Mark Antony.
• February - Rome celebrates the festival of the Lupercal. Mark Antony presents Caesar with a royal diadem, urging him to take it and declare himself king. He refuses this offer and orders the crown to be placed in the Temple of Jupiter.
• March 15 - Julius Caesar, dictator of Rome, is assassinated by a group of senators, amongst them Gaius Cassius Longinus, Marcus Junius Brutus, and Caesar's Massilian naval commander, Decimus Brutus.
• March 20 - Caesar's funeral is held. Marcus Antony gives a eulogy and in his Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears speech he makes accusations of murder and ensures a permanent breach with the conspirators against Caesar. He snatches Caesar's purple toga to show the crowd the stab wounds, the citizens tear apart the forum and cremate their Caesar on a makeshift pyre. Antony becomes the first man in Rome.
• April - Octavian returns from Apollonia in Dalmatia to Rome to take up Caesar's inheritance, against advice from Atia and consul Antony.
• April 18-April 21 - Octavian engages in a charm offensive with consular Cicero who is fulminating against Mark Antony.
• June - Antony is granted a five-year governorship of northern and central Transalpine Gaul and Cisalpine Gaul.
• September 2
• * Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion.
• * The first of Cicero's Philippicae on Antony is published. He will make 14 of them over the next several months.
• December - Antony besieges Brutus Albinus in Mutina, with Octavian, an ally of Decimus, who is one of his uncle's assassins, close by.
• A Denarius with a portrait of Julius Caesar is made. It is now kept at the American Numismatic Society in New York.

  Europe

• Comosicus succeeds Burebista as king of Dacia.