450 BC

By place

Greece

• Athenian general Cimon sails to Cyprus with two hundred triremes of the Delian League. From there, he sends sixty ships to Egypt to help the Egyptians under Amyrtaeus, who is fighting the Persians in the Nile Delta. Cimon uses the remaining ships to aid an uprising of the Cypriot Greek city-states against Persian control of the island. Cimon lays siege to the Persians stronghold of Citium on the south west coast of Cyprus. However, the siege fails and Cyprus remains under Phoenician control.
• During the siege Cimon dies and command of the fleet is given to Anaxicrates, who leaves Citium to engage the Phoenician fleet in the Battle of Salamis in Cyprus. The Greek fleet is victorious against the Persians and their allies and then returns to Athens.
• The Athenians reduce the tribute due from their subject city-states, and each city is allowed to issue its own coinage.
• 5,000 talents are transferred to the treasury of the Delian League in Athens.
• The Temple of Theseus is completed in Athens.

  Macedonia

• Perdiccas II succeeds Alexander I as king of Macedonia.

  Roman Republic

• The success of the first Decemvirate prompts the appointment of a second Decemvirate which also includes plebeians amongst its members. This second decemviri adds two more headings to their predecessor's ten, completing the Law of the Twelve Tables, which will form the centrepiece of Roman law for the next several centuries. Nevertheless, this Decemvirate's rule becomes increasingly violent and tyrannical.

  Sicily

• After minor preliminary successes, Ducetius, a Hellenised leader of the Siculi, an ancient people of Sicily, is decisively defeated by the combined forces of Syracuse and Acragas. Ducetius flees to exile in Corinth.

  By topic

Arts

• The Severe period of sculpture ends in Ancient Greece and is succeeded by the Mature Classical period.
• Polykleitos of Argos develops a set of rules for constructing the ideal human figure.
• Polygnotos of Thasos ceases his work.
• The old bouleuterion, the west side of the agora in Athens, is built.
• Polykleitos starts making the bronze statue Achilles, which he finishes about ten years later. A Roman copy of the original bronze is now kept in the Museo Archeologico Nazionale in Naples, Italy.
• The grave stela from Paros, Little girl with a bird, is made. It is now kept at The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.
• The statue Woman and maid in the style of Achilles Painter, white-ground and black-figure decoration on a lekythos, with additional painting in tempera, starts being made. It is now kept at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston.
• Myron makes a bronze statue called The Discus Thrower. A Roman copy is now kept at Museo Nazionale Romano, Rome.
• The Corinthian order makes its first appearance in Greek architecture.
• The red-figure decorations A Painter, Assistants Crowned by Athena and Victories are made on a hydria in Athens. They are now kept in a private collection.