630

By place

Byzantine Empire

• March 21 - Emperor Heraclius returns the True Cross, one of the holiest Christian relics, to Jerusalem. He tries to promote Monothelitism, which is rejected by the Christians.
• Heraclius issues a decree that all Jews must become Christian; a massacre follows around Jerusalem and in Galilee, some survivors fleeing to the Daraa area.
• Chorpan Tarkhan, general of the Khazars, invades and devastates Roman Armenia. He defeats a Persian cavalry force sent by Shahrbaraz to repel the invasion.

  Scandinavia

• Yngling King Olof Trätälja founds a colony in Värmland. He is expelled from his native Västergötland .

  Britain

• King Ricberht of East Anglia dies and is succeeded by Sigeberht, who returns from exile in France. He rules together with his kinsman Ecgric, re-establishing Christianity.
• King Penda of Mercia besieges Exeter in south-west England. King Cadwallon ap Cadfan of Gwynedd lands with a force nearby, and negotiates an alliance with Penda.
• Eanswith, daughter of King Eadbald of Kent, founds the Benedictine Folkestone Priory, the first nunnery in England.

  Persia

• April 27 - King Ardashir III, age 9, is murdered after an 18 month reign. He is succeeded by Shahrbaraz who becomes ruler of the Sasanian Empire.
• June 9 - Shahrbaraz is killed and succeeded by Borandukht, daughter of former king Khosrow II. She ascends the throne as 26th monarch of Persia.

  Arabia

• January - Battle of Hunayn: Muhammad defeats the Bedouin tribe of Hawazin in a valley, on one of the roads leading to Ta'if.
• February 5 - Siege of Ta'if: Muhammad begins to besiege Ta'if and brings battering rams and catapults to suppress the fortress city, but is unable to penetrate it.
• December 11 - Conquest of Mecca: A Muslim army marches on Mecca, which surrenders. Muhammad takes the city from the Quraysh and makes it the spiritual center of Islam.

  Asia

• Illig Qaghan, ruler of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate, is captured by Li Jing during the Tang campaign against the Eastern Turks.

  By topic

Religion

• Xuanzang, Chinese Buddhist monk, travels across the Gobi Desert to Kumul. Following the Tian Shan mountain range of Central Asia westwards, he arrives in Turpan.

  Births

• November 7 - Constans II, Byzantine emperor
• Alhfrith, king of Deira
• Conon I, pope of the Catholic Church
• Di Renjie, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty
• Fausta, Byzantine empress
• Nukata, Japanese poet
• Reineldis, Frankisch saint
• Sigebert III, king of Austrasia

  Deaths

• April 27 - Ardashir III, king of the Persian Empire
• June 9 - Shahrbaraz, king of the Persian Empire
• Du Ruhui, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty
• Ricberht, king of East Anglia