AVRO 1938 chess tournament


The AVRO tournament was a famous chess tournament held in the Netherlands in 1938, sponsored by the Dutch broadcasting company AVRO. The event was a double round-robin tournament between the eight strongest players in the world.
Paul Keres and Reuben Fine tied for first place, with Keres winning on tiebreak by virtue of his 1½-½ score in their individual games.
The tournament was presented as one to provide a challenger to World Champion Alexander Alekhine, though it had no official status. In any event, World War II dashed any hopes of a championship match for years to come. However, when FIDE organised its 1948 match tournament for the world title after Alekhine's death in 1946, it invited the six surviving AVRO participants, except Flohr who was replaced by Vasily Smyslov.

Schedule

The AVRO tournament was played from November 6 to November 27, 1938. The players travelled from one city to another in the following order:
RoundPlaceDate
1AmsterdamNov. 6
2The HagueNov. 8
3RotterdamNov. 10
4GroningenNov. 12
5ZwolleNov. 13
6HaarlemNov. 14
7AmsterdamNov. 15
8UtrechtNov. 17
9ArnhemNov. 19
10BredaNov. 20
11RotterdamNov. 22
12The HagueNov. 24
13LeidenNov. 25
14AmsterdamNov. 27

Crosstable

No.NameState12345678Total
1Paul KeresXX1=1=1=8½
2Reuben Fine0=XX1=1010111=8½
3Mikhail Botvinnik0=XX=01=1==17½
4Max Euwe01=1XX0=0=011=7
5Samuel Reshevsky0=010=1=XX1=7
6Alexander Alekhine000=1=XX=1=17
7José Raúl Capablanca0==010=0XX=16
8Salo Flohr0=0=0==0=0XX4½

The longest game was a 68-move win of Fine over Alekhine. The shortest game was a 19-move draw between Flohr and Fine. Of the 56 games played: White won seventeen, Black won seven, and thirty-two were drawn.

Capablanca's health

Capablanca's play was satisfactory in the first half of the event, but collapsed in the second half, when he lost three games. He had only lost 26 tournament games in 29 years. Hooper and Whyld say "he suffered a slight stroke". His wife Olga recalled that his high blood pressure nearly cost him his life: "A doctor screamed at me, 'How could you let him play?'". In a 1939 interview Capablanca attributed his performance to "very high blood pressure and related circulatory disorders". His doctor wrote that he had dangerously high blood pressure while he was treating him from 1940 until his death in 1942, and believed that it contributed to his death.