Addison Cook Niles was born in Rensselaerville, New York to John Niles and Mary Cook. Niles had two younger brothers: John Hamiton Niles and Charles Mumford Niles; and six sisters: Laura Niles, Cornelia Deborah Niles, Mary Corinthia Niles, Henrietta Amelia Niles, and Emily Harriet Niles. In 1852, Niles graduated from Williams College and began reading law in the office of Increase Sumner at Great Barrington, Massachusetts, and with Rufus King at Catskill, New York. In 1855, Niles was admitted to the New York bar, and then came to Nevada City, California, the center of gold prospecting. Niles entered into private practice with various attorneys, including Thomas Bard McFarland, John R. McConnell, Aaron A. Sargent, and Niles Searls, his cousin and brother-in-law. In 1862, Niles won election as a Union party candidate for Nevada County judge. In October 1863, he was nominated by the Union Party and was elected to a four-year term on the county court. In October 1867, he was re-elected to the trial court on the Union party ticket. In 1871, Niles was nominated by the Republican party and won the election as a justice of the California Supreme Court. In the election, he defeated Jackson Temple for the unexpired term of Silas Sanderson, who had retired in 1869. In 1879, all seats of the Supreme Court were up for election due to the new constitution, and Niles chose not run for re-election. After stepping down from the court he struggled with a drinking problem. In 1884, he suffered a serious bout of illness but recovered. He died on January 17, 1890, in San Francisco at age 57.
Honors and legacy
Around 1870 the Central Pacific Railroad established a railroad depot with a restaurant and saloon near Vallejo Mill and named it for Addison Niles, who was then an attorney for the railroad. Concomitantly, the settlement Vallejo Mill became known as Niles. However, the settlement did not develop commercially until the 1890s, by which time Judge Niles had died. Since 1956, Niles is a district in Fremont, California. The Niles railroad station was situated at the mouth of the Alameda canyon, which was the major course of Alameda Creek. After 1870, the canyon became known as Niles Canyon and the section of the railroad therein the Niles Canyon Railway, which was part of the westernmost leg of the First Transcontinental Railroad.
