Adnyamathanha language


Adnyamathanha or yura ngarwala is an Australian Aboriginal language. It is the traditional language of the Adnyamathanha of the Flinders Ranges, South Australia, and related peoples.
The name of the witchetty grub comes from Adnyamathanha.
Estimates of the number of people who speak Adnyamathanha are variable, though it is definitely severely endangered. According to Oates 1973 there were only 30 speakers, around 20 according to Schmidt in 1990, 127 in the 1996 census, and about 107 counted in the 2006 census.
Yura ngarwala is a widely used term for the Adnyamathanha language. It translates literally to 'people speak'. However, in modern times yura has come to mean 'Adnyamathanha person', rather than 'person' generally, and thus the term translates to 'Adnyamathanha person speak'.

Names

This language has been known by many names and variants of names, including:
Guyani is also spelled Kijani, Kuyani, Kwiani.

Classification

classifies Adnyamathanha and Guyani as a single language. Ethnologue treats them as separate, and so they each have their own ISO 639-3 codes.

Phonology

Adjnjamathanha and Guyani have the same phonemic inventory.

Vowels

Consonants

Most of the nasals and laterals are allophonically prestopped.
may be an allophone of.

History

While the closely related Guyani retains word-initial stops, Adnyamathanha has undergone systematic lenition of stops in this position. Former has become, former and probably also have become, and former has disappeared entirely.

Grammar

Adnyamathanha has a complex system of personal pronouns. There are 10 different ways of saying we ‘you and I’, depending on the relationship between the speaker and the addressee.

Vocabulary

'Witchetty grub'

The word witchetty comes from Adynyamathanha wityu, "hooked stick" and vartu, "grub". Traditionally it is rare for men to dig for them. Witchetty grubs feature as Dreamings in many Aboriginal paintings. Once caught the grubs leak a brown water juice over fingers when held.