Louis Michel Adolphe Deloffre was a French violinist and conductor active in London and Paris, who conducted several important operatic premieres in the latter city, particularly by Charles Gounod and Georges Bizet.
Career
Born in Paris, Deloffre's initial musical training was from his father, a violinist and guitarist. His violin teachers later included Bellon, de Lafont and Baillot, and he became recognised for his fine playing. He then set out from Paris for London with the French conductor Jullien and later became principal violinist at Her Majesty's Theatre under Balfe; he also played with the Philharmonic Society, the Sacred Harmony Society and the Musical Union. He would return each year to give concerts in Paris with his wife, a distinguished pianist, and a cellist from the Opéra, Pilet. He returned permanently to Paris to settle in 1851. In 1852, Alphonse Varney, conductor of the Théâtre Lyrique, was replaced by August Francis Placet whose place was in turn taken by Deloffre, just returned from London. For the 1853-54 season Deloffre was promoted from principal violinist and assistant conductor to principal conductor. Hector Berlioz had criticisms of Deloffre's conducting style: he conducted with his bow while stamping his foot at the same time and sometimes tapping his bow on the prompter's box. However, Berlioz later praised Deloffre's conducting of the first performance of Les Troyens à Carthage in 1863. As principal conductor at the Théâtre-Lyrique he conducted an important series of revivals of Mozart operas, starting with The Marriage of Figaro in May 1858, then in May 1859 Die Entführung aus dem Serail, Così fan tutte in March 1863, The Magic Flute in February 1865, and Don Giovanni in 1866. In addition Deloffre conducted other important operas: Oberon in February 1857 at the Théâtre-Lyrique, Fidelio in May 1860, Don Pasqualein September 1864, and La traviata in October 1864. In 1858 Deloffre went to give concerts in Madrid with other artists from the Théâtre-Lyrique and Opéra-Comique following the French victory in the Battle of Solferino. On 18 November 1859 he conducted Berlioz’s arrangement of Gluck'sOrphée et Eurydice. Deloffre was put in musical charge of a venture in 1868 to present opera at the Salle Ventadour under the name of the Théâtre de la Renaissance. He then moved to be principal conductor of the Opéra-Comique until his death. He composed fantasies for violin and piano on themes from operas for his wife and himself to play, as well as string quartets. He left manuscripts of two symphonies, some piano trios, and other pieces for violin and piano. Deloffre was a member of the Paris Conservatoire examination committees for strings, and for wind instruments, from 1871 until his death.
Premieres conducted by Deloffre
Le muletier de Tolède, 16 December 1854, Théâtre-Lyrique
Les dragons de Villars, 19 September 1856, Théâtre-Lyrique
Le médecin malgré lui, 15 January 1858, Théâtre-Lyrique
Deloffre was on the podium for several anniversary performances in Paris: the 500th performance of La fille du régiment at the Opéra-Comique on 4 December 1871, the 1,000th performance Le Pré aux clercs by Hérold at the Opéra-Comique on 7 December 1871, the 1,000th performance of Le Chalet by Adolphe Adam at the Opéra-Comique on 18 January 1873, and the 500th performance of Les Rendez-Vous Bourgeois by Nicolas Isouard on 20 March 1873.
