The area that later became the Albayzín was first populated by the Iberians, the original inhabitants of the Iberian peninsula, with dispersed Roman settlements later appearing nearby. Nothing is known of its history before the arrival of the MuslimBerbers, so it is assumed that the city was abandoned after the fall of the Roman Empire until the founding of the Zirid kingdom in 1013, when its defensive walls were built. According to some linguists it owes its present name to the inhabitants of the city of Baeza, called "Beatia" by the Romans, who were banished after the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa and settled here outside the walls. Other linguists assert that the name derives from the Arabical-bayyāzīn, meaning "suburb of falconers". However, the fact that in Andalusia there are many other neighborhoods with that name, including those in Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Alhama de Granada, Salobreña, and Antequera, among others, casts doubt on this thesis. A more likely hypothesis is that the name of Albaicín derives from Arabic البائسين. The Albaicín, one of the oldest centers of Muslim culture in Granada, contains the Alhambra, the Realejo, and the Arrabal de Bib-Arrambla, in the flat part of the city. Before the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula there were three small settlements in what is now the city of Granada and its surroundings:
Garnata, on the hill opposite the Alcazaba, which was more a neighborhood of Iliberis.
However, current archaeological research indicates the Madinat Ilbira was located in Atarfe when that city's population was moved to the Albayzín after the fall of the Caliphate of Córdoba in the 11th century. The inhabitants of Ilbira remained clients of the Berber Sinhaya and the Zirids until the capital of the Cora of Elvira was transferred to the Albayzín hill. The neighborhood had its greatest influence at the time of the Nasrids. The Albaicín maintains the urban layout of the Moorish period, with narrow streets winding in an intricate network that extends from the top at San Nicolás and through Calle Elvira, both located in Plaza Nueva, by the course of the river Darro. The traditional type of house is the carmen, consisting of a freestanding house surrounded by a high wall that separates it from the street and including a small orchard or garden. The channeling and distribution of drinking water through pipes laid from wells was characteristic of this district; about 28 of these have been found, of which most are preserved but not in use because the pipes were broken over time. In December 1499, the Albaicín was the starting point of a rebellion throughout Granada, triggered by the forced conversion of the Muslim population to Christianity. In 1994, the Albaicín was declared a World Heritage site by UNESCO as an extension of the monuments of the Alhambra and the Generalife.
Places of interest
In the Albaicín there are numerous monuments from different periods, mainly the Nasrid period and the Renaissance:
Ziri wall, established along the Sacromonte and Albaicín.
New door or door of Weights, the Granadian people call and know it as arc of weights.
Fajalauza door in Cuesta de San Gregorio Alto, part of the wall.-
Alhacaba Towers, part of the wall.
Monaita door in Lona Lane, part of the wall.
Puerta de Elvira, at the beginning of Calle Elvira, part of the wall.
Church of El Salvador, in the Cuesta del Chapiz.
Church of San Miguel Bajo, in the small square of San Miguel Bajo, with a Mudejar armor and a cistern of the 13th century.
Church of San Gregorio, at the beginning of the Cuesta de San Gregorio.
Church of San Cristobal and viewpoint with the same name, in Crta. De Murcia
Lona House in Lona Lane, on the site of the former palace of the kings Ziries.
Cordova Palace in the Cuesta del Chapiz, current Municipal Archives.
Casa del Chapiz, This was built on the remains of a Moorish palace of the 14th century, which preserves part of the layout of the plant and some elements that were utilized when it was rebuilt in the early 16th century by the Morisco Lorenzo el Chapiz, whose name is preserved in the set and the street where it is located.
Casa de Zafra, 14th Century Spanish-Arab mansion, re-opened as Interpretative Center.
Statue of the artist G.O.W. Apperley RA RI, unnamed square off Calle Gloria.
