Alphitonia ponderosa Alphitonia ponderosa is a species of flowering tree in the family Rhamnaceae , that is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands . It is locally known as kauila , as is the related Colubrina oppositifolia .Description Alphitonia ponderosa is a medium to large tree, reaching high with a trunk in diameter .Leaves The alternate leaves are ovate, long, and have petioles. The leaves are shiny, hairless, and green on the top , but are a dull light green with rust-colored veins on the bottom.Flowers s of A. ponderosa are polygamous and form cymes at the bases of leaves. They are in diameter; the five sepals are and cover five petals.Fruit The fruit of A. ponderosa is a diameter drupe , which contain two to three seeds . The seeds are shiny, oblong, and have a red covering.Habitat Alphitonia ponderosa inhabits dry , coastal mesic , and mixed mesic forests at elevations of on all main islands, but is rare except on Kauai . It grows as a shrub on exposed ridges.Uses The reddish-brown wood of A. ponderosa is highly prized for its beauty , strength , and density . It was used as a replacement for metal by the Native Hawaiians , who made laau melomelo , pāhoa, ihe , pololū, ōō , hohoa ie kūkū , leiomano , and kii with it.Conservation Alphitonia ponderosa is considered a vulnerable species by the IUCN because of its fragmented distribution and declining population . Major threats include rats, pigs , deer , competition with introduced species of plants, and wildfire .
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