Am Olam
The Am Olam movement was a movement among Russian Jews to establish agricultural colonies in America. The name literally meaning "Eternal People" is taken from the title of an essay of Peretz Smolenskin. It was as founded in Odessa in 1881 by Mania Bakl and Moses Herder, who called for the creation of Socialist agricultural communities in the United States. Eventually the majority of Am Olam colonies were set up upon a "commercial" rather than communalist basis. In 1880s there were 26 colonies promoted in 8 states.
