Amphibia in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae

Animals that are distinguished by a body cold and generally naked; stern and expressive countenance; harsh voice; mostly lurid color; filthy odor; a few are furnished with a horrid poison; all have cartilaginous bones, slow circulation, exquisite sight and hearing, large pulmonary vessels, lobate liver, oblong thick stomach, and cystic, hepatic, and pancreatic ducts: they are deficient in diaphragm, do not transpire, can live a long time without food, are tenatious of life, and have the power of reproducing parts which have been destroyed or lost; some undergo a metamorphosis; some cast their skin; some appear to live promiscuously on land or in the water, and some are torpid during the winter.

• Heart: 1 auricle, 1 ventricle. Cold, dark red blood
• Lungs: breathes uncertainly
• Jaw: incumbent
• Penis: double
• Eggs: membranaceous
• Organs of Sense: tongue, nostrils, eyes, ears
• Covering: a naked skin
• Supports: various, in some none. Creeps in warm places and hisses

Reptiles

• Testudo mydas – Green sea turtle
• Testudo caretta – Loggerhead sea turtle
• Testudo orbicularis & Testudo lutaria – European pond turtle
• Testudo scabra – Spot-legged turtle
• Testudo graeca & Testudo pusilla – Spur-thighed tortoise
• Testudo carolina & Testudo carinata – Eastern box turtle
• Testudo geometrica – Geometric tortoise
• Testudo serpentina – Common snapping turtle

• Draco volans – Draco volans, Flying Dragon

• Lacerta crocodilus – Caiman crocodilus, Spectacled Caiman
• Lacerta caudiverbera –
• Lacerta superciliosa – Uranoscodon superciliosa
• Lacerta scutata – Lyriocephalus scutatus
• Lacerta monitor –
• Lacerta principalis – Carolina Anole
• Lacerta bicarinata – Neusticurus bicarinatus
• Lacerta palustris, Lacerta vulgaris, & Lacerta aquatica – Lissotriton vulgaris, Smooth newt
• Lacerta cordylus – Cordylus cordylus
• Lacerta stellio – Laudakia stellio
• Lacerta mauritanica – Tarentola mauritanica, European common gecko
• Lacerta azurea – Uracentron azureum
• Lacerta turcica – Hemidactylus turcicus, Mediterranean house gecko
• Lacerta ameiva – Ameiva ameiva, Giant Ameiva
• Lacerta agilis – Lacerta agilis, Sand Lizard
• Lacerta algira – Psammodromus algirus, Large Psammodromus
• Lacerta seps – Tetradactylus seps
• Lacerta angulata – Alopoglossus angulatus
• Lacerta chamaeleon – Chamaeleo chamaeleon, Common chameleon
• Lacerta salamandra – Fire salamander
• Lacerta gecko – Gekko gecko, Tokay gecko
• Lacerta scincus – Scincus scincus, Sandfish
• Lacerta hispida – Agama hispida
• Lacerta orbicularis – Phrynosoma orbiculare, Mexican plateau horned lizard
• Lacerta basiliscus – Basiliscus basiliscus, Common basilisk
• Lacerta iguana – Iguana iguana, Green iguana
• Lacerta calotes – Calotes calotes, Common green forest lizard
• Lacerta agama – Agama agama, Rock Agama
• Lacerta umbra – Plica umbra
• Lacerta plica – Plica plica
• Lacerta marmorata – Polychrus marmorata
• Lacerta bullaris – Jamaican giant anole
• Lacerta strumosa – for Anolis lineatusDaudin, 1802
• Lacerta teguixin – Tupinambis teguixin, Gold tegu
• Lacerta aurata
• Lacerta punctata – Lygosoma punctatum
• Lacerta lemniscata – Cnemidophorus lemniscatus, Rainbow Whiptail
• Lacerta fasciata – Plestiodon fasciatus, Five-lined skink
• Lacerta lineata – Gymnophthalmus lineatus
• Lacerta chalcides – Chalcides chalcides, Three-toed skink
• Lacerta anguina – Chamaesaura anguina, Cape grass lizard

• Rana pipa – Pipa pipa, Suriname Toad
• Rana bufo, Rana rubeta, & Rana ventricosa – Bufo bufo, Common Toad
• Rana gibbosa – Breviceps gibbosus, Cape Rain Frog
• Rana variegata – Bombina variegata, yellow-bellied toad
• Rana marina – Bufo marinus, cane toad
• Rana typhonia – Trachycephalus typhonius
• Rana ocellata – Osteopilus ocellatus
• Rana cornuta – Ceratophrys cornuta, Surinam horned frog
• Rana marginata –
• Rana paradoxa – Pseudis paradoxa, paradoxical frog
• Rana temporaria – Rana temporaria, Common Frog, and Rana arvalis, Moor Frog
• Rana esculenta – Rana esculenta, Edible Frog
• Rana arborea & Rana hyla – Hyla arborea, European tree frog
• Rana boans – Hypsiboas boans''

  Serpentes

• Crotalus horridus – Crotalus horridus
• Crotalus dryinas & Crotalus durissus – Crotalus durissus

• Boa murina & Boa scytale – Eunectes murinus, anaconda
• Boa canina & Boa hypnale – Corallus caninus, emerald tree boa
• Boa constrictor & Boa orophias – Boa constrictor
• Boa cenchria – Epicrates cenchria
• Boa enydris & Boa hortulana – Corallus hortulanus

• Coluber vipera – Cerastes vipera
• Coluber atropos – Bitis atropos
• Coluber leberis –
• Coluber lutrix – Duberria lutrix
• Coluber calamarius – Oligodon calamarius
• Coluber constrictor – Coluber constrictor
• Coluber ammodytes – Vipera ammodytes
• Coluber cerastes – Cerastes cerastes
• Coluber plicatilis – Pseudoeryx plicatilis
• Coluber domicella – Liophis poecilogyrus
• Coluber alidras – perhaps Helicops angulatus
• Coluber buccatus – Homalopsis buccata
• Coluber angulatus – Helicops angulatus
• Coluber berus & Coluber chersea – Vipera berus
• Coluber caeruleus –
• Coluber albus – Brachyorrhus albus
• Coluber aspis – Vipera aspis
• Coluber typhlus – Liophis typhlus
• Coluber lebetinus – Macrovipera lebetina
• Coluber melanocephalus – Tantilla melanocephala
• Coluber cobella – Liophis cobella
• Coluber reginae – Leimadophis reginae
• Coluber severus – Xenodon severus
• Coluber aurora – Lamprophis aurora
• Coluber sipedon – Nerodia sipedon, northern water snake
• Coluber maurus – Natrix maura
• Coluber stolatus – Amphiesma stolatum, buff-striped keelback
• Coluber vittatus – Xenochrophis vittatus, striped keelback
• Coluber miliaris – Liophis miliaris
• Coluber rhombeatus – Psamnophylax rhombeatus
• Coluber cyaneus –
• Coluber natrix – Natrix natrix, grass snake
• Coluber aesculapii & Coluber agilis – Erythrolamprus aesculapii
• Coluber lacteus – Homoroselaps lacteus
• Coluber aulicus – Lycodon aulicus, Indian wolf snake
• Coluber monilis –
• Coluber pallidus – Thamnodynastes pallidus
• Coluber lineatus – Liophis lineatus
• Coluber naja – Naja naja, Indian cobra
• Coluber padera –
• Coluber canus – Pseudaspis cana, mole snake
• Coluber sibilans – Psammophis sibilans
• Coluber laticaudatus – Laticauda laticaudata
• Coluber sirtalis – Thamnophis sirtalis, common garter snake
• Coluber atrox – Bothrops atrox
• Coluber sibon & Coluber nebulatus – Sibon nebulatus, clouded snake
• Coluber fuscus & Coluber saturninus – Chironius fuscus
• Coluber candidus – Bungarus candidus
• Coluber niveus – Naja haje, Egyptian cobra
• Coluber scaber – Dasypeltis scabra, common egg-eater
• Coluber carinatus – Chironius carinatus, machete savane
• Coluber corallinus – Liophis triscalis
• Coluber ovivorus – perhaps Pantherophis vulpinus, fox snake
• Coluber exoletus – Chironius exoletus
• Coluber situla – Zamenis situla, European ratsnake
• Coluber triscalis – Liophis triscalis
• Coluber lemniscatus – Micrurus lemniscatus
• Coluber annulatus – Leptodeira annulata, machete savane
• Coluber dipsas –
• Coluber pelias – Chrysopelea pelias, banded flying snake
• Coluber tyria –
• Coluber jugularis – Coluber jugularis
• Coluber petola – Oxyrhopus petolarius
• Coluber molurus – Python molurus
• Coluber ahaetulla – Leptophis ahaetulla
• Coluber petolarius – Oxyrhopus petolarius
• Coluber haje – Naja haje, Egyptian cobra
• Coluber filiformis –
• Coluber pullatus – Spilotes pullatus, tigre
• Coluber hippocrepis – Hemorrhois hippocrepis, horseshoe whip snake
• Coluber minervae – Liophis lineatus
• Coluber cinereus – perhaps Liophis cobella
• Coluber viridissimus – Philodryas viridissima
• Coluber mucosus – Ptyas mucosa
• Coluber cenchoa – Imantodes cenchoa
• Coluber mycterizans – Ahaetulla mycterizans
• Coluber caerulescens –
• Coluber arges –

• Anguis bipes – Scelotes bipes
• Anguis meleagris – Acontias meleagris
• Anguis colubrina – Gongylophis colubrinus, Egyptian sand boa
• Anguis jaculus & Anguis cerastes – Eryx jaculus, javelin sand boa
• Anguis maculata – Cylindrophis maculatus, Ceylonese cylinder snake
• Anguis reticulata – Typhlops reticulatus, reticulate worm snake
• Anguis lumbricalis – Typhlops lumbricalis, earthworm worm snake
• Anguis laticauda –
• Anguis scytale – Anilius scytale
• Anguis eryx – part of Anguis fragilis, slowworm
• Anguis fragilis – Anguis fragilis, slowworm

• Amphisbaena fuliginosa – Amphisbaena fuliginosa, spotted worm lizard
• Amphisbaena alba – Amphisbaena alba, red worm lizard

• Caecilia tentaculata – Caecilia tentaculata
• Caecilia glutinosa – Ichthyophis glutinosus'', Ceylon caecilian

  Nantes

• Petromyzon marinus – Sea Lamprey
• Petromyzon fluviatilis & Petromyzon branchialis – European river lamprey

• Raja torpedo – Common torpedo
• Raja batis – Common skate
• Raja oxyrinchus – Long-nosed burton skate
• Raja miraletus – Brown ray
• Raja fullonica – Shagreen ray
• Raja aquila – Common eagle ray
• Raja altavela – Spiny butterfly ray
• Raja pastinaca – Common stingray
• Raja clavata – Thornback ray
• Raja rhinobatos – Common guitarfish

• Squalus acanthias – Spiny dogfish
• Squalus centrina – Angular roughshark
• Squalus spinax – Velvet belly lantern shark
• Squalus squatina – Angelshark
• Squalus zygaena – Smooth hammerhead shark
• Squalus tiburo – Bonnethead shark
• Squalus galeus – School shark
• Squalus canicula & Squalus catulus – Small-spotted catshark
• Squalus stellaris – Nursehound
• Squalus glaucus – Blue shark
• Squalus carcharias – Great white shark
• Squalus mustelus – Common smooth-hound
• Squalus pristis – Common sawfish

• Chimaera monstrosa – Rabbitfish
• Chimaera callorynchus – Elephantfish

• Lophius piscatorius – Angler
• Lophius vespertilio – Brazilian batfish
• Lophius histrio – Sargassumfish

• Acipenser sturio – European Sea Sturgeon
• Acipenser ruthenus – Sterlet
• Acipenser huso – Beluga Sturgeon
• Acipenser plecostomus – Suckermouth Catfish