Andira
Andira is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It is distributed in the tropical Americas, except for A. inermis, which also occurs in Africa. It was formerly assigned to the tribe Dalbergieae, but recent molecular phylogenetic evidence has placed it in a unique clade named the Andira clade.
Compared to other Faboideae the genus has unusual systems of root nodules and fruits, which are drupes. In most species the fruits are dispersed by bats, and in some they are dispersed by rodents. They may also be dispersed on water.
Plants of the genus are used in traditional medicine in Brazil to treat fever and as purgatives and vermifuges. The treatments are toxic in high doses, however. Chemical compounds isolated from the genus include isoflavones, flavanols, glycosides, pterocarpans, chromone, and ursolic acid.Species
Andira comprises the following species:
- Andira acuminata Benth.
- Andira anthelmia J.F. Macbr.
- Andira bahiensis N.F. Mattos
- Andira carvalhoi R.T. Penn. & H.C. Lima
- Andira cordata R.T. Penn. & H.C. Lima
- Andira coriacea Pulle—St. Martin rouge
- Andira cubensis Benth.
- Andira cuiabensis Benth.
- Andira fraxinifolia Benth.
- Andira frondosa C. Mart.
- Andira galeottiana Standl.
- Andira grandistipula Amshoff
- Andira handroana N.F. Mattos
- Andira humilis Mart. ex Benth.
- Andira inermis DC.—angelin, cabbagebark, cabbagetree
- * subsp. glabricalyx R. T. Penn.
- * subsp. inermis DC.
- * subsp. rooseveltii J. B. Gillett ex Polhill
- Andira kuhlmannii N.F. Mattos
- Andira landroana N.F. Mattos
- Andira legalis Toledo
- Andira macrothyrsa Ducke
- Andira marauensis N.F. Mattos
- Andira micans Taub.
- Andira micrantha Ducke
- Andira multistipula Ducke
- Andira nitida Benth.
- Andira ormosioides Benth.
- Andira paniculata Benth.
- Andira parviflora Ducke
- Andira parvifolia Benth.
- Andira pernambucensis N.F. Mattos
- Andira pisonis Benth.
- Andira riparia Kunth
- Andira rosea Benth.
- Andira sapindoides Benth.
- Andira skolemora H. Kost.
- Andira spectabilis Saldanha
- Andira spinulosa Benth.
- Andira surinamensis Pulle
- Andira trifoliolata Ducke
- Andira unifoliolata Ducke
- Andira vermifuga Benth.
- Andira villosa Kleinhoonte
- Andira zehntneri Harms
''Nomina Dubia''
The following species are of uncertain validity:
- Andira araroba See Araroba powder,
- Andira chigorodensis R.T.Penn.
- Andira chiricana Pittier
- Andira harfieldii Leschenault de la Tour
- Andira jaliscensis R.T. Penn.
- Andira macrocarpa R.T.Penn.
- Andira microcarpa Griseb.
- Andira oblonga Benth.
- Andira praecox Arroyo ex R.T. Penn.
- Andira taurotesticulata R.T. Penn.
- Andira tervequinata R.T. Penn., G.A. Aymard & Cuello