A product of the HC Khimik hockey school in Voskresensk, Loktionov then skated for Spartak Moscow's system before signing with Lokomotiv Yaroslavl. He is also a longtime member of the 1990-born Team Russia. He was drafted 123rd overall in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft by the Los Angeles Kings. During the 2010–11 season, Loktionov scored his first career NHL goal on 19 October 2010, against Justin Peters of the Carolina Hurricanes. He was with the Kings during their 2012Stanley Cup championship season, but did not have his name engraved on the Stanley Cup as he only played 39 regular season games with the team. On 6 February 2013, Loktionov was acquired by the New Jersey Devils in exchange for a fifth-round draft pick in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. He was then assigned to the Devils' American Hockey League affiliate, the Albany Devils. On 5 March 2014, Loktionov was traded to the Carolina Hurricanes, along with a 2017 conditional third-round draft pick, in exchange for winger Tuomo Ruutu. At the end of the season, the Hurricanes opted not to provide Loktionov with a qualifying offer and as a result, he became an unrestricted free agent on 1 July 2014. Without a club midway into the 2014–15 season, Loktionov signed for the remainder of the season to return to Lokomotiv Yaroslavl in the KHL on 28 November 2014. After three seasons in the KHL with Lokomotiv, Loktionov as a free agent following the 2016–17 season, opted for another attempt at the NHL in accepting a professional try-out to attend his original draft club, the Los Angeles Kings training camp onJuly 14, 2017. He was released by the Kings on September 27, 2017. Loktionov returned to Russia and continued his tenure with Lokomotiv. After five seasons with Lokomotiv Yaroslavl, Loktionov left as a free agent following the 2018–19 season. He signed a one-year contract to continue in the KHL with Metallurg Magnitogorsk on May 1, 2019. In the 2019–20 season, Loktionov played in a bottom six role registering just 3 goals and 13 points in 60 regular season games. He made 5 post-season appearances, collecting 2 assists. Loktionov opted for free agency for the second straight season, agreeing to a two-year contract with contending club, CSKA Moscow on 1 May 2020.
