Anolis carolinensis anole series
The Anolis carolinensis series is a proposed clade or subgroup of closely related mid-sized trunk crown anoles within the genus Anolis. It was created by Nicholson et al. in 2012 and defined as containing thirteen species, a few examples are listed below.
| species name | image | description | distribution |
| Carolina anole | Male: head and body bright green; white throat and underside; red dewlap. Female: overall bright green with white throat and underside; dorsal white bar or diamond pattern running down the length of the back; dewlap is reduced or absent | North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, and the Gulf Coast in Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas. The species has been introduced into Hawaii and the Ogasawara Islands. | |
| Cuban green anole | male- head and body green with white speckels on body, throat and underside white with red dewlap. female-overall bright green with white throat and underside and dorsal white bar or diamond pattern running down the length of the back, dewlap is reduced or absent | Cuba, Hispaniola, Dominican Republic and Isla de la Juventud. Introduced to parts of Florida. | |
| Allison's anole | male- head, forelimbs and upper body bright blue, lower body bright green white throat and underside with red dewlap. female-bright green overall with white throat and underside and reduced or absent dewlap. | Cuba, Honduras, Half Moon Caye and possibly Mexico. | |
| Bahamian green anole | male-head green with bright electric blue speckles, body green with white throat and light green underside. bright red dewlwap. female- head and body bright green with pale green underside and white throat. Dewlap reduced or absent. | Bahamas, Exuma, Little San Salvador. |
List of ''A. carolinensis'' clade species
- Anolis allisoni – Allison's anole
- Anolis altitudinalis
- Anolis brunneus
- Anolis carolinensis – Carolina anole, American green anole
- Anolis fairchildi
- Anolis incredulus
- Anolis isolepis
- Anolis longiceps
- Anolis maynardi
- Anolis oporinus
- Anolis porcatus – Cuban green anole
- Anolis smaragdinus – Bahamian green anole
- Anolis toldo
Origin
The sister subgroup to the carolinensus subgroup is the isolepis group, with three species.
Morphology
In many respects the anoles of the Anolis carolinensis clade are typical trunk-crown anoles. They have a slender build, have large subdigital toe-pads to cling to vertical surfaces, are commonly found several metres above the ground and with the exception of A. brunneus and A. allisoni, are usually predominantly green in coloration to blend in with the vegetation in the canopy. The most notable morphological difference between the anoles of the Carolinensis clade and the rest of the genus Anolis is that Carolinensis group anoles typically have large, conspicuously elongated heads and extreme levels of sexual dimorphism.Both these features are most pronounced in species found on small islands rather than on large landmasses such as Cuba and North America. One such species, Anolis maynardi, reaches the highest recorded level of facial elongation among anoles, and one of the highest levels of sexual dimorphism among iguanid lizards. The reason for the extreme levels of facial elongation in the Carolinensis anole species is not yet understood; however, it is worth noting that it is only males that reach these extreme levels of facial elongation.
Distribution
Anoles of this clade are primarily found on Cuba, where it is believed that the clade originated; however, the anoles of this subgroup are also native to several neighboring islands or territories such as Honduras and Hispaniola. Several species are found exclusively on small islands neighbouring Cuba such as Navassa and the Cayman islands.Anolis carolinensis is native to the United States but has been introduced to areas of Japan. The Carolinensis group anole Anolis porcatus has also been introduced to parts of Florida.