De Rosenroll was born December 4, 1857, in Castellamare, Italy, to Rudolph and Margaret de Rosenroll. He was descended from Swiss nobility on his father's side, though his line had been absent from Switzerland since 1806. When Anthony was three years old, his father was killed at Palermo while fighting for Giuseppe Garibaldi during the Expedition of the Thousand; his family took refuge in Malta for much of the rest of the rebellion. Returning to Italy, de Rosenroll was taught by tutors in Naples, and ultimately graduated from the University of Naples in civil engineering. He spent several years working for the governments of Australia and New Zealand in this capacity, before voyaging to the United States to visit his sister. From there he came to Winnipeg in 1895, ultimately becoming one of the first residents of Wetaskiwin in 1896. There he married Ida Eberhard, with whom he had three children: Arthur, Edgar, and Richelda. De Rosenroll involved himself in many business ventures. The first of these was a ranching enterprise, in which he initially partnered with Scandinavian settler Thomas R. Jevne and later founded the Rosenroll Ranch near Hay Lakes. Other ventures included the Rosenroll Lumber Co. Ltd., Rosenroll Dairy/Wetaskiwin Creamery, a coal mine, and Rosenroll Ltd., which dealt in real estate and insurance. De Rosenroll was a prominent citizen of his young and growing town. In 1896, he was made a Justice of the Peace and a notary public. Wetaskiwin's Rosenroll Street and nearby Rosenroll were named in his honour. He was an active Presbyterian and a Mason.
Political career and later life
De Rosenroll's prominence was such that, when Wetaskiwin received a seat in the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories beginning with the 1898 election, he was acclaimed to it. He was re-elected by acclamation during the 1902 election. When Alberta became a province in 1905, de Rosenroll ran in its first election in Wetaskiwin as the Liberal candidate. He defeated Conservative R.W. Angus handily. When the government introduced a bill increasing the size of the legislature from sixteen seats to 41, de Rosenroll argued that not enough of the new seats were going to rural regions. He did not seek re-election in the 1909 election. In 1909 he was endorsed by the German-speaking population of Strathcona as the Liberal candidate for the House of Commons of Canada in an upcoming by-election. Whether he declined their entreaties or was defeated is unclear, but the nominated Liberal candidate was James McCrie Douglas, who was elected by acclamation. In his later life, de Rosenroll devoted himself to writing a family history, completed in 1936. He retired from his business activities in 1940, leaving them to his son Edgar. He subsequently moved to Moose Jaw, where his son Arthur lived. In 1944 he contracted pneumonia, and in 1945 he died in Moose Jaw at the age of 87. He is buried in a Wetaskiwin cemetery.
