Arette


Arette is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of southwestern France. It is located in the arrondissement of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and is one of the six communes of the canton of Aramits: the other five being Ance, Aramits, Féas, Issor, and Lanne-en-Barétous.

Geography

Arrete is located some 15 km south by south-west of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and some 4 km south-east of Aramits. It lies close to both the French Basque region and borders Spain in the south. It is within the borders of Béarn, one of the traditional French provinces.
Access to the commune is by French rail SNCF to Pau, and a short bus ride to Arrete. Less scenic is the automobile route: D918 road from Lanne-en-Barétous in the north-west coming south-east to the village then continuing east to Issor. The D132 goes south from the village down the length of the commune following a tortuous mountain route before exiting the southern border of the commune over the Col de la Pierre St Martin, which is also the border with Spain, and becoming the Spanish NA-137 which continues to Isaba. The D341 also goes south-east from the village then south, connecting with the D241 at the Col de Labays going east to join the E7 highway south of Sarrance, then continuing along the south-western border to join the D441 south of the commune. The D133 also goes north from the village to Aramits.
Bus Route 848 of the Intercity Network of Pyrénées-Atlantiques links Arette to Oloron-Sainte-Marie.
Arette is a very large commune and has a land area of. It is also mountainous and its highest peak is the 2,315 m Soum Couy, which is situated not far from the 2,504 m Pic d'Anie, the highest peak in the western Pyrenees. From Pic d'Anie the mountain range extends downwards for approximately 20 km, forming both sides of the Aspe Valley to the north-west. The Vert d'Arette flows through this valley. The ancient village from which the commune extends is located at an altitude of 316 m in the valley of Barétous, which lies between the aforementioned Aspe valley, to its east, and the Basque province of Soule, to its west.

Hydrography

Located in the Drainage basin of the Adour, the commune is the source of numerous tributaries of the Vert which is itself a tributary of Gave d'Oloron. The largest tributary flowing through the commune is the Vert d'Arrette however many other streams flow north towards the Vert including: the Abat Daurèye and its tributary, the Banu Erreka ; Ibarcis Erreka; the Lancy; the Ruisseau de Gurré and its tributary the Ruisseau de Lagaretche; the Ruisseau de Hournères and its tributary, the Ouettone; the Ruisseau de Légorre and its tributary, the Cassiau de Ber; the streams of Nécore, Soulayets, Talu Gros, and Virgou with the tributary of the latter, the Arrigau.
The Gave de Lourdios, a tributary of the Gave d'Aspe, and its tributaries, the Arric and the Moulia also pass through the commune. The Gave de Sainte-Engrâce, a tributary of the Saison, and its tributary, the Montcholako Erreka'' also flow in the territory of the commune.

Places and Hamletshttp://www.geoportail.gouv.fr/accueil?c=-0.7156,43.0961&z=7.92265E-5&l=GEOGRAPHICALGRIDSYSTEMS.MAPS.3D$GEOPORTAIL:OGC:WMTS@aggregate(1)&l=ADMINISTRATIVEUNITS.BOUNDARIES$GEOPORTAIL:OGC:WMTS(1)&permalink=yes Géoportail, IGN">Institut géographique national">IGN

Toponymy

The commune name in béarnais is Arèta. The name comes from the Basque ar- meaning "stone" and from the locative suffix -eta meaning "stony place".
The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune.
NameSpellingDateSourcePageOriginDescription
AretteAreta1186Raymond
9
BarcelonaVillage
Rete1383Raymond
9
Luntz
Arete1385Raymond
9
Census
Erete1440Raymond
9
Barétous
Aretha1444Raymond
10
Cour Major
Eretha1444Raymond
10
Cour Major
Hereta1538Raymond
10
Reformation
Saint Pierre d'Arette1674Raymond
10
Insinuations
Arrette1750Cassini
Arete1801Ldh/EHESS/CassiniBulletin des lois
Arrèglele molii d’Arregle1385Raymond
141
CensusFarm and a Mill on the Vert d'Arette
Aregle en Baretous1433Raymond
141
Notaries
Aregla1538Raymond
141
Reformation
Réglé1863Raymond
141
ArlasArlas1538Raymond
10
ReformationMountain on the Spanish border
L'Arrigaulo ariu aperat la Rigau1538Raymond
12
ReformationA stream rising in Arette and which joins the Vert at Aramits
L'Arrigas1863Raymond
12
AurèyeL'Aureye1863Raymond
17
Stream rising in Arette, tributary of the Vert
BayrèsBayres1538Raymond
25
ReformationFarm
Bayres1863Raymond
25
Col de BissourrittoCol de Bissourritte1863Raymond
32
Mountain Pass
Bois de BouchetBouchette1863Raymond
34
Wood
La ChousseLa Chousse1863Raymond
50
Stream rising in Arette, a tributary of the Vert
CostemaleCostemale1863Raymond
52
Mountain
Les CourrégesLes Courréges1863Raymond
53
Mountain
EstratteEstrate1385Raymond
62
CensusFarm
Estrata1538Raymond
62
Reformation
Estrate1863Raymond
62
Col de GarbasCol de Garbas1863Raymond
67
Pass between the communes of Arette and Lanne-en-Barétous
GuilhersLe Pas de Guilhers1863Raymond
74
Wood between the communes of Arette and Lées-Athas
HournèresLe Hourner1863Raymond
80
Stream rising in Arette and joining the Chousse
LagaretcheLagarretche1863Raymond
89
Wood
Le Pont LarronLe Pont Larron1863Raymond
95
Bridge named after the former name of the Vert d'Arette: Larron
LècheLa singla de Lexe1589Raymond
98
ReformationMountain and Wood
Légorre d’IbarryLegorre1863Raymond
98
Mountain
MantcholaLe Manchola1863Raymond
108
Stream delineating the border between Arette and Sainte-Engrâce before joining the Uhaïtxa
Le NécoreLe Col de Nécore1863Raymond
122
Mountain Pass. A stream of the same name rises at the pass and joins the Vert d'Arette in Arette
PernalattePernalatte1863Raymond
134
Mountain
La PernotteLa Pernotte1863Raymond
134
Stream, tributary of the Chousse
PescamouPescamou1863Raymond
134
Mountain and Pass on the Spanish frontier
La Pierre Saint-MartinLa peyre de Sent-Martin, frontière de Navarre1589Raymond
150
ReformationAssembly place for the inhabitants of the Barétous Valley in France and Roncal in Spain
Le PourtetPourtet1863Raymond
139
Mountain on the Spanish border extending to Arette and Lées-Athas
Le col de SoèsLe col de Soès1863Raymond
161
Mountain Pass
SoulaingSoulaing1863Raymond
163
Mountain between Arette and Osse-en-Aspe and a stream, tributary of the Lourdios
SoulayetsLe Soulayet1863Raymond
163
Stream that flows through Arette and joins the Vert
TamarpoueyTamarpoey1385Raymond
166
CensusFarm
Tamarpoey1863Raymond
Le TermyLe Termy1863Raymond
167
Stream rising in Arette and joining the Uhaïtxa at Sainte-Engrâce
TrémeilTorrumie1703Raymond
168
RegulationMountain across Arette and Lanne-en-Barétous
Tremeilh1863Raymond
168

Sources:
Origins:
In 1385 there were 87 fires in Arette and it depended on the Bailiwick of Oloron.
On 13 August 1967 the village of Arette was 80% destroyed by an earthquake that killed one person. The ruined clock tower of the church indicated the exact time of the earthquake: 11:10 p.m. Seismic waves were felt from Pau to Tarbes and Bayonne.

Heraldry

Administration

List of Successive Mayors
FromToNamePartyPosition
17931800Ignace Camou
18001807Jean Lasalle
18081813Pierre Hum
18131831Jean-Pierre Salet
18311835Jean Carrère
18351837Pierre Camgros
18371843Étienne Superville
18431848Jean-François Sérée
18481853Pierre-Joseph Castéran
18531856Jean-François Sérée
18571861Philippe Salies
18611872Charles-Henri Fischer
18721877Jean Bergé
18771884Charles-Henri Fischer
18841890Emmanuel Salet
18901892François Dabancens
18921894Charles-Henri Fischer
18941906Jean-Baptiste Labourdette
19061907Vincent Lagrave
19071916Bernard Trébucq
19191942Pierre Casabonne

;Mayors from 1942
FromToNamePartyPosition
19421952Michel Lagrave
19521989Jean-Marie Lonne-Peyret
19892001Joseph Arrègle
20012020Pierre CasabonneDVDGeneral Councillor

Inter-communality

Arette is part of six inter-communal structures:
Arette has twinning associations with:
In 2009 the commune had 1,121 inhabitants. The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known from the population censuses conducted in the commune since 1793. From the 21st century, a census of communes with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants is held every five years, unlike larger towns that have a sample survey every year.

Distribution of Age Groups

The population of the town is relatively old. The ratio of persons above the age of 60 years is higher than the national average and the departmental average. As with national and departmental allocations, the male population of the town is less than the female population.
Percentage Distribution of Age Groups in Arette and Pyrénées-Atlantiques Department in 2009
AretteArettePyrénées-AtlantiquesPyrénées-Atlantiques
Age RangeMenWomenMenWomen
0 to 14 Years14.915.217.415.2
15 to 29 Years13.713.417.515.4
30 to 44 Years19.218.720.119.0
45 to 59 Years24.223.121.320.8
60 to 74 Years17.016.115.116.2
75 to 89 Years10.712.28.111.9
90 Years+0.41.20.51.5

Sources:
The economy of the commune is primarily oriented toward agriculture and livestock and logging. The town is part of the Appellation d'origine contrôlée zone designation of Ossau-iraty.

Culture and Heritage

Civil heritage

The Barétous Museum is located in the commune. It features permanent collections on pastoralism and the Junta Roncal or "Tribute of the Three Cows".

Religious heritage

The former Lay Abbey is registered as an historical monument.
The Arette Church contains several items that are registered as historical objects:
There is an arboretum in the east of the commune.

Arette Picture Gallery

Facilities

Education

Arette has a public college: the College of Arette Barétous and a primary school.

Sports and sports facilities

The Basque pelota Club trains on the village fronton.
The town is located on the route of the 16th stage of the Tour de France 2007 which took place on 25 July. On Bastille Day 2015 the Tour will pass through the town again. 218 km route linked Orthez to Gourette - Col d'Aubisque.
The Hill-climbing event, organized since 1984, is listed as a championship of France.

Notable people linked to the commune