Cabral started his playing career in 2007 with Vélez Sársfield, during Ricardo La Volpe's coaching era. Despite playing in the youth system as an attacking midfielder, he has mostly played in the first team as a centre midfielder. Cabral was part of Vélez' 2009 Torneo Clausura winning team, playing 5 games. For the entire 2010–11 season, Vélez loaned Cabral to Legia Warszawa, for a fee of USD 150,000 and a buyout price of USD 2 million. Cabral showed considerable promise early on. The Argentine midfielder played 40 minutes in the final of the 2010–11 Polish Cup and scored on the penalty shootout. Winning the Polish Cup, Legia secured its right to play in the 2011–12 Europa League qualifying games. At the end of the season the club decided not to make use of the buyout clause and Cabral returned to Vélez Sársfield. Upon his return, Cabral was relegated from Vélez's first team by Víctor Zapata. However, initially due to the latter's injuries, he started seeing more action during the first half of 2012, playing 15 games during the 2012 Clausura and 9 during the 2012 Copa Libertadores. After Zapata's departure from the team in June 2012, Cabral established himself as a regular starter, playing all 19 games of Vélez's 2012 Inicial championship-winning campaign. The midfielder fractured his tibia in 2013 and was left out of the squad for the entire Torneo Final and Copa Libertadores, causing Vélez to obtain the loan of Fernando Gago as his replacement. He returned to Vélez first team in 2014 and was a starter in the 2013 Supercopa Argentina victory against Arsenal de Sarandí. Cabral scored his last goal for Vélez in a 2–0 victory against Crucero del Norte for the second fixture of the 2015 Argentine Primera División and played his last game against Unión de Santa Fe, in a 1–2 defeat for the seventh fixture of that championship. His contract with the club ended in June 2015.
Cruzeiro
In 2015, Ariel Cabral was traded to then Campeonato Brasileiro Serie A Champions Cruzeiro as a replacement to Lucas Silva, sold to Real Madrid. Ariel quickly became one of the main players of the team's midfield, praised by fans for his cerebral style of play, being extremely competent both defensively and offensively, creating plays with magnificent passes even though his main task is defensive. In Cruzeiro, Cabral was part of what became known as "La Banda", along with former Vélez Sarsfield star Lucas Romero and Uruguay wonderkid Giorgian De Arrascaeta.
