Arini (tribe)


The Arini tribe of the neotropical parrots is a monophyletic clade of macaws and parakeets characterized by colorful plumage and long, tapering tails. They occur throughout Mexico, Central America, and South America, and formerly the Caribbean and North America. One genus and several species are extinct; another genus is extinct in the wild. Two species are known only through subfossil remains. About a dozen hypothetical extinct species have been described, native to the Caribbean area.
Among the Arini are some of the rarest birds in the world, such as Spix's macaw which is extinct in the wild - fewer than 100 specimens survive in captivity. It also contains the largest flighted parrot in the world, the hyacinth macaw.
Molecular studies have dated the divergence of the Arini tribe from the ancestral neotropical parrots to late in the Paleogene period about 30-35 million years ago.

Taxonomy

The Arini are one of three recognized clades in subfamily Arinae of neotropical parrots in the family Psittacidae of Afrotropical and neotropical parrots, one of three families of true parrots.
ImageGenusLiving Species
Anodorhynchus Spix, 1824
Cyanopsitta Bonaparte, 1854
  • Spix's macaw, Cyanopsitta spixii
  • Ara Lacépède, 1799
  • Blue-and-yellow macaw, Ara ararauna
  • Blue-throated macaw, Ara glaucogularis
  • Military macaw, Ara militaris
  • Great green macaw, Ara ambiguus
  • Scarlet macaw, Ara macao
  • Red-and-green macaw, Ara chloroptera
  • Cuban red macaw, Ara tricolor
  • Red-fronted macaw, Ara rubrogenys
  • Chestnut-fronted macaw, Ara severa
  • Saint Croix macaw, Ara autocthones
  • Lesser Antillean macaw, Ara guadeloupensis
  • Orthopsittaca Ridgway, 1912
  • Red-bellied macaw, Orthopsittaca manilatus
  • Primolius Bonaparte, 1857
  • Blue-headed macaw, Primolius couloni
  • Blue-winged macaw, Primolius maracana
  • Golden-collared macaw, Primolius auricollis
  • Diopsittaca Ridgway, 1912
  • Red-shouldered macaw, Diopsittaca nobilis
  • Rhynchopsitta Bonaparte, 1854
  • Thick-billed parrot, Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha
  • Maroon-fronted parrot, Rhynchopsitta terrisi
  • Rhynchopsitta phillipsi
  • Ognorhynchus Bonaparte, 1857
  • Yellow-eared parrot, Ognorhynchus icterotis
  • Guaruba Lesson, 1830
  • Golden parakeet, Guaruba guarouba
  • Leptosittaca Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1894
  • Golden-plumed parakeet, Leptosittaca branickii
  • Conuropsis† Salvadori, 1891
  • Carolina parakeet, Conuropsis carolinensis
  • Conuropsis fratercula
  • Psittacara Vigors, 1825
  • Green parakeet, Psittacara holochlorus
  • Pacific parakeet, Psittacara strenuus
  • Socorro parakeet, Psittacara brevipes
  • Red-throated parakeet, Psittacara rubritorquis
  • Scarlet-fronted parakeet, Psittacara wagleri
  • Cordilleran parakeet, Psittacara frontatus
  • Mitred parakeet, Psittacara mitratus
  • Red-masked parakeet, Psittacara erythrogenys
  • Finsch's parakeet, Psittacara finschi
  • White-eyed parakeet, Psittacara leucophthalmus
  • Cuban parakeet, Psittacara euops
  • Guadeloupe parakeet, Psittacara labati
  • Hispaniolan parakeet, Psittacara chloroptera
  • Puerto Rican parakeet, Psittacara maugei
  • Aratinga Spix, 1824
  • Sun parakeet, Aratinga solstitialis
  • Sulphur-breasted parakeet, Aratinga maculata
  • Jandaya parakeet, Aratinga jandaya
  • Golden-capped parakeet, Aratinga auricapilla
  • Nanday parakeet, Aratinga nenday
  • Dusky-headed parakeet, Aratinga weddellii
  • Eupsittula Bonaparte, 1853
  • Brown-throated parakeet, Eupsittula pertinax
  • Olive-throated parakeet, Eupsittula nana
  • Orange-fronted parakeet, Eupsittula canicularis
  • Peach-fronted parakeet, Eupsittula aurea
  • Cactus parakeet, Eupsittula cactorum
  • Thectocercus Vieillot, 1818
  • Blue-crowned parakeet, Thectocercus acuticaudatus
  • Cyanoliseus Bonaparte, 1854
  • Burrowing parakeet, Cyanoliseus patagonus
  • Pyrrhura Bonaparte, 1856
  • Ochre-marked parakeet, Pyrrhura cruentata
  • * Maroon-bellied parakeet, Pyrrhura frontalis
  • * Blaze-winged parakeet, Pyrrhura devillei
  • * Crimson-bellied parakeet, Pyrrhura perlata
  • * Pearly parakeet, Pyrrhura lepida
  • * Green-cheeked parakeet, Pyrrhura molinae
  • * Painted parakeet, Pyrrhura picta
  • ** Sinú parakeet, Pyrrhura subandina
  • ** Todd's parakeet, Pyrrhura caeruleiceps
  • ** Azuero parakeet, Pyrrhura eisenmanni
  • * Venezuelan parakeet, Pyrrhura emma
  • * Santarém parakeet, Pyrrhura amazonum
  • ** Madeira parakeet, Pyrrhura snethlageae
  • * Bonaparte's parakeet, Pyrrhura lucianii
  • * Rose-fronted parakeet or red-crowned parakeet, Pyrrhura roseifrons
  • ** Wavy-breasted parakeet, Pyrrhura peruviana
  • * White-eared parakeet, Pyrrhura leucotis
  • * Grey-breasted parakeet, Pyrrhura griseipectus
  • * Pfrimer's parakeet, Pyrrhura pfrimeri
  • * Fiery-shouldered parakeet, Pyrrhura egregia
  • * Santa Marta parakeet, Pyrrhura viridicata
  • * Maroon-tailed parakeet, Pyrrhura melanura
  • * El Oro parakeet, Pyrrhura orcesi
  • * Black-capped parakeet, Pyrrhura rupicola
  • * White-necked parakeet, Pyrrhura albipectus
  • * Flame-winged parakeet, Pyrrhura calliptera
  • * Blood-eared parakeet, Pyrrhura hoematotis
  • * Rose-headed parakeet, Pyrrhura rhodocephala
  • * Sulphur-winged parakeet, Pyrrhura hoffmanni
  • Enicognathus G.R. Gray, 1840
  • Austral parakeet, Enicognathus ferrugineus
  • Slender-billed parakeet, Enicognathus leptorhynchus