Arque Province


Arque is a rural province in Cochabamba Department in the eastern cordillera of the South American state of Bolivia.

Geography

The province is surrounded by the provinces of Tapacarí in the northwest, Quillacollo in the northeast, Capinota in the east, Bolívar in the south and the departments of Oruro in the west and Potosí in the southeast.
It is located in the Bolivian Andes at an elevation between 3,000 and 4,500 metres and about 250 km west of Cochabamba, the capital of the department. The landscape is deeply fissured. Some of the highest mountains of the province are listed below:
Arque, the capital of the province, is situated on the northern bank of the Arque River, an affluent of the Río Grande.

Climate

The rainy season covers the months from December to April. The precipitation can occur in the form of devastating hailstorms which may even destroy the planted seeds of field crops and the harvests.

Subdivision

Arque Province is divided into two municipalities : Arque Municipality and Tacopaya Municipality. The two municipalities with one mayor each are further subdivided into four cantons and supervised each of them by a corregidor: Arque Canton and Colcha Canton in Arque Municipality and Tacopaya Canton and Ventilla Canton within Tacopaya Municipality. The province is managed by a sub-prefect.
SectionMunicipalityInhabitantsCapitalInhabitants
1stArque11,806Arque487
2ndTacopaya11,658Tacopaya137

Arque Municipality is situated in the eastern part of the province and Tacopaya Municipality is located in the west.

The People

Arque Province has the lowest Index on Human Development within Bolivia. Of all the 314 municipalities in Bolivia Arque was on the last position in the year 2001 and Tacopaya was on rank 308. However, in recent years many measures particularly done in the field of education and health have been taken in order to improve the social situation. In 2005 92% of the population of Arque including larger and smaller communities had access to potable water according to reports from Arque Municipality. Only seven communities still remained without water supply at that time.
The province has a rural character. Most families rely on subsistence farming for their livelihood. The peasants cultivate maize, wheat, barley and potatoes on the stark, steep slopes. The population with a high number of indigenous citizens of Quechuan and Aymara descent mostly lived or still lives in humble houses with earthen floor, adobe walls, roofed with thatched material. Often these houses only consist of one single room where the meals are prepared on open fire so that the smoke can cause infections of the eyes. The roofs bear a deadly danger which comes overnight: the blood-sucking winchuka bugs ', common to the zone, which can cause the Chagas disease. During the day the insects hide in crevices in the walls and roofs made of straw. The bugs emerge at night, when the inhabitants are sleeping. One measure to reduce the risk of acquiring the disease is the renovation of houses by using tiles and the construction of houses that are resistant to the entry of the bug.
Some data:
Arque Province
MunicipalityArqueTacopaya
Nacional ranking 314308
Human Development Index 0.3110.361
Index of life expectancy0.4120.428
Index of education0.3380.473
Life expectancy 49.750.7
Literacy of adults 42.757.4
Average years of schooling1.72.1
Population 200111,49611,968
Percentage of rural population100.0%100.0%

The latest results about the ethnic-linguistic composition of the population are as follows:
Ethnic groupArque Municipality Tacopaya Municipality '''
Quechua93.595.4
Aymara0.91.7
Guaraní, Chiquitos, Moxos0.20.1
Not indigenous5.42.8
Other indigenous groups0.10.1

Ref.: obd.descentralizacion.gov.bo

Languages

The languages spoken in the Arque Province are mainly Quechua and Spanish. The following table shows the number of those belonging to the recognized group of speakers.
LanguageArque MunicipalityTacopaya Municipality
Quechua10.79310.766
Aymara107123
Guaraní33
Another native2132
Spanish2.1853.309
Foreign139
Only native8.7787.552
Native and Spanish2.0523.236
Only Spanish13474